Clinical Anatomy - Lower Limb

Question 1

angle in male pelvis

Answer 1

acute

Question 2

angle in female pelvis

Answer 2

90 or more

Question 3

cartilaginous extension of the acetabulum

Answer 3

labrum

Question 4

what type of blood supply does the femoral head have

Answer 4

retrograde

Question 5

what anchors the femoral head to the acetabulum

Answer 5

ligamentum teres

Question 6

retrograde blood supply means the femoral head is at risk of what if fractured?

Answer 6

avascular necrosis

Question 7

the ligamentum teres contains a branch of which artery?

Answer 7

obturator

Question 8

name 2 other bones with retrograde blood supply

Answer 8

scaphoid

talus

Question 9

functions of trochanteric bursa

Answer 9

shock absorption

reduce friction

Question 10

presentation of trochanteric bursitis

Answer 10

bilateral hip pain suggestive of inflammation, not able to sleep on side

Question 11

what type of joint is the knee

Answer 11

hinge

Question 12

3 compartments of the knee

Answer 12

lateral (fibular head), medial and patellofemoral

Question 13

function of medial/lateral collateral knee ligaments

Answer 13

resist varus/valgus stress at the knee joint

Question 14

origin of MCL/LCL

Answer 14

lateral and medial femoral condyles

Question 15

insertion of MCL/LCL

Answer 15

lateral - head of fibula

medial - tibia

Question 16

function of anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 16

resists anterior translation and internal rotation of the tibia on the femur

Question 17

function of posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 17

resists posterior translation of the tibia on the femur

Question 18

function of menisci

Answer 18

shock absorption
increase femero-tibial conformity
stabilise knee
lubricate knee

Question 19

why meniscus is more likely to tear and why

Answer 19

medial 10x more likely because it is fixed on the tibia

Question 20

sequence of the extensor mechanism

Answer 20

quadriceps muscle - quadriceps tendon - patella - patellar tendon - tibial tubercle

Question 21

predisposing factors to patellar instability

Answer 21

genu valgum
femoral head anteversion
weak quadriceps
ligamentous laxity

Question 22

medial ankle ligament

Answer 22

deltoid ligament

Question 23

lateral ankle ligament

Answer 23

lateral ligament complex - tibiospring ligament, tibiocalcaneal ligament, superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament

Question 24

bones of forefoot

Answer 24

metatarsals and phalanges

Question 25

bones of midfoot

Answer 25

cuboid, navicular, cuneiform bones

Question 26

bones of hindfoot

Answer 26

talus and calcaneus

Question 27

tendons supporting the medial arch

Answer 27

tibialis posterior tendon
spring ligament
plantar fascia

Question 28

origin/insertion of tibialis posterior tendon

Answer 28

O - posterior proximal tibia/fibula

I - navicular/plantar surface of medial cuneiform

Question 29

origin/insertion of plantar fascia

Answer 29

O - tuberosity of calcaneus

I - heads of metatarsals

Question 30

alternative name for spring ligament

Answer 30

calcaneonavicular ligament