Clinical Anatomy - Lower Limb Flashcards
angle in male pelvis
acute
angle in female pelvis
90 or more
cartilaginous extension of the acetabulum
labrum
what type of blood supply does the femoral head have
retrograde
what anchors the femoral head to the acetabulum
ligamentum teres
retrograde blood supply means the femoral head is at risk of what if fractured?
avascular necrosis
the ligamentum teres contains a branch of which artery?
obturator
name 2 other bones with retrograde blood supply
scaphoid
talus
functions of trochanteric bursa
shock absorption
reduce friction
presentation of trochanteric bursitis
bilateral hip pain suggestive of inflammation, not able to sleep on side
what type of joint is the knee
hinge
3 compartments of the knee
lateral (fibular head), medial and patellofemoral
function of medial/lateral collateral knee ligaments
resist varus/valgus stress at the knee joint
origin of MCL/LCL
lateral and medial femoral condyles
insertion of MCL/LCL
lateral - head of fibula
medial - tibia
function of anterior cruciate ligament
resists anterior translation and internal rotation of the tibia on the femur
function of posterior cruciate ligament
resists posterior translation of the tibia on the femur
function of menisci
shock absorption
increase femero-tibial conformity
stabilise knee
lubricate knee
why meniscus is more likely to tear and why
medial 10x more likely because it is fixed on the tibia
sequence of the extensor mechanism
quadriceps muscle - quadriceps tendon - patella - patellar tendon - tibial tubercle
predisposing factors to patellar instability
genu valgum
femoral head anteversion
weak quadriceps
ligamentous laxity
medial ankle ligament
deltoid ligament
lateral ankle ligament
lateral ligament complex - tibiospring ligament, tibiocalcaneal ligament, superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament
bones of forefoot
metatarsals and phalanges
bones of midfoot
cuboid, navicular, cuneiform bones
bones of hindfoot
talus and calcaneus
tendons supporting the medial arch
tibialis posterior tendon
spring ligament
plantar fascia
origin/insertion of tibialis posterior tendon
O - posterior proximal tibia/fibula
I - navicular/plantar surface of medial cuneiform
origin/insertion of plantar fascia
O - tuberosity of calcaneus
I - heads of metatarsals
alternative name for spring ligament
calcaneonavicular ligament