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Advanced Neuroanatomy 1-8 > Clinical Anatomy of Sensory Systems II > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy of Sensory Systems II Flashcards

1
Q

What are cranial nerves

A

A set of 12 paired nerves that arise directly from the brain

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2
Q

What parts of the brain do cranial nerves arise from

A

First two optic and olfactory (arise from cerebellum)

Rest 10 arise from the brainstem

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3
Q

Where do cranial nerves leave the brain

A

exit cranial cavity via Foramina

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4
Q

How are these nerves identified

A

roman numerals

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5
Q

What are the functions of Cranial Nerves

A

Sensory, Motor or Both

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6
Q

Sensory function of cranial nerves

A

see, smell and hear

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7
Q

Motor function of cranial nerves

A

control muscle movements of head and neck

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves

A

I Olfactory
II Optic
III Occulomotor
IV Trochlear
V Trigeminal
VI Abducens
VII Facial
VIII Vestibulocochlear
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Accesory
XII Hypoglossal

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9
Q

I Olfactory

A

Sensory - olfaction

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9
Q

III OculoMotor

A

Motor- movement of eyeball
Parasympathetic- Pupillary constriction and accomodation

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9
Q

II Optic

A

Sensory - Vision

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9
Q

IV Trochlear

A

Motor- Movement of eyeball

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10
Q

VI Abducens

A

Motor- movement of eyeball

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10
Q

V Trigeminal

A

Sensory- general sensation
Motor- opening/ closing moth
- tension of tympanic muscle

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11
Q

VII Facial

A

Sensory - taste
Motor- facial movement and tension of ossicles
Parasympathetic- salivation and lacrimation

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12
Q

VIII Vestibulocochlear

A

Sensory- hearing, proprioception of head and balance

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13
Q

IX Glossopharyngeal

A

Sensory- general sensation, chemo/baroreception and taste

Motor- Swallowing

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14
Q

X Vagus

A

Sensory- general sensation, chemo/baroreception and visceral sensation

Motor- speech and swallowing

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15
Q

XI Accessory

A

Motor- movement of head and shoulders

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16
Q

XII Hypoglossal

A

Movement of tongue

17
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the Trigeminal Nerve

A

Opthalmic (v1)
Maxillary (v2)
Mandibular (v3)

18
Q

Function of the Trigeminal Nerve and its branches

A

Transmission of sensory info from face/oronasal/teeth (pain,temp, vibration, fine and crude touch and proprioception)

Transmission of motor information to muscles of mastication (chewing)

19
Q

Function of V1 Opthalmic Nerve

A

Sensory innervation to the
-scalp
-eye
-nose
-forehead

20
Name the three branches of the Opthalamic Nerve
Frontal- innervation of upper eyelid/forehead Lacrimal- sensory innervation of lacrimal gland Nasociliary- sensory innervation of mucous membranes of nasal cavity sensory innervation of eye
21
Function of V2 Maxillary
Sensory innervation of -palate -nasal cavity -teeth of upper jaw - skin o side of nose -cheek -upper lip
22
Name the 4 branches of the Maxillary Nerve
Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve - supplies the maxillary sinus Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve- supplies the roots of maxillary premolars Zygomatic Nerve- supplies skin of zygomatic arch and anterior temple Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve - supplies maxillary central, lateral and canine teeth
23
Function of V3 Mandibular nerve
Contains both motor and sensory branches Innervates - lower jaw and face -muscles of mastication
24
Name the branches of the Mandibular Nerve
Buccal Nerve- conveys sensory info from skin of cheek and mandibular gingiva Lingual Nerve- supplies tongue, mandibular lingual gingiva Inferior Alveolar Nerve - supplies the skin of chin and skin of lower lip (another branch supplies the mylohyoid) Auriculotemporal Nerve - sensory innervation to parts of the external ear, scalp and temporomandibular joint
25
Symptoms of Trigeminal Neuragia
Episodes of severe facial pain along the trigeminal nerve divisions Last a few secs/mins/hours One of the most painful disorders Can be triggered by everyday sensory stimuli
26
Cause of Trigeminal Neuragia
not exactly known - compression of blood vessel nerve exit to brainstem -MS -Stroke -Trauma Middle age or older, 0.3% of people
27
Treatment for Trigeminal Neuragia
antiepileptics Microvascular Decompression Electrocoagulation
28
Does sensory input from the face enter the spinal cord
Sensory input from the face does not enter the spinal cord This info enters the brainstem via the trigeminal nerve, synapsing in brainstem and joining body pathway from there onto the thalamus
29
Does a spinal lesion impact the face
NO Spinal cord lesions does not produce sensory or motor losses involving the face
30
How is sensory information from the head transmitted to the brain
Trigeminal Nerve Pathways
31
Function of Trigeminal Pathway
Convey mechanosensory, temperature and pain info from face to brain (Temperature, Pain)
32
Ganglion
collection of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS
33
Nucleus
collection of neuronal cell bodies within the CNS
34
Discuss the Mechanosensory Trigeminal Pathway
1st Order- trigeminal nerve enters the brainstem at the level of the pons and terminate on neurons in the principal nucleus of the trigeminal complex 2nd Order- neurons of the trigeminal nucleus complex give off axons that cross the midline and ascend to the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus by way of the trigeminothalamic tract 3rd Order- transmit sensory signals from the ventral posterior medial nucles of the thalamus to the primary sensory cortex in the brain
35
Discuss the Pain and Temperature Trigeminal Pathway
1st Order- originating from the trigeminal ganglion cells and from ganglia associated with nerve VII, IX, X carry info from facial nociceptors and thermoceptors into pons, descend to M.O and terminate in the spinal nucleus of trigeminal complex 2nd Order- spinal trigeminal nuclei cross midline and ascend to the thalamus in the trigeminothalamic tract 3rd Order- VPM nucleus of thalamus to primary sensory cortex
36
where are and what are the trigeminal nerve nuclei
Located in the midbrain, pons and M.O - Mesencephalic Nucleus -Pontine Nucleus -Spinal Nucleus -Motor Nucleus
37
Function of the Mesencephalic Nucleus
Receives proprioceptive info from muscles of mastication, head and neck Regulates tooth pain Mediate the jaw reflex Project to motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
38
Function of Pontine Nucleus
Receives info about discriminative sensation Light touch of the face, concsious proprioception of the jaw Project ot Ventral Posterior Medial nucleus of Thalamus
39
Spinal Nucleus
Receives info about deep/ crude touch,pain and temp Receives pain input from trigeminal nerve, facial, and glossopharyngeal and vagus Project to VPM (Thalamus)
40
Motor Nucleus
Located in the upper pons Contains motor neurons that innervate the muscles of mastication
41
What is Referred Pain
Pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus location
42
Referred pain of Gall Stones
Usually felt in the epigastric region However if the inflammation irritates the peritonum around the diaphragm the pain can travel through the nerve to its origin in C3 AND C5, which is also the origin of the nerves that innervate the right shoulder Gallstones can cause pain in right shoulder
42
Reason for referred pain for a heart attack
Sensory pain neurons from the heart and arm/left shoulder CONVERGE onto the same nerve pathway in spinal cord CNS cannot clearly discern whether pain comes from heart or from arm
42
Reason for referred pain in an Earache
ear shares nerves with other nearby structures (face, eyes, jaw, teeth, upper neck) Pain that feels as though its in the ear may originate from other structures in the head eg. wisdom teeth, temporomandibular disorders
43
Referred Pain Esophagus Pain
local pain in esophagus Referred pain in abdomen the oblique muscles and the throat
44
Referred Pain Kidney Stones
cause visceral pain in the ureter as the stone passes Referred pain in the lower abdominal wall
45

Advanced Neuroanatomy 1-8 (8 decks)

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