climate change Flashcards
of species
1.7 million -> mostly insects
600 million year trend species
increase
shift in groups
early vascular plants -> pteridophytes -> gymnisperms -> angiosperms
mass extinction evets
225 my 90% of shallow water invertebrates
65 my dinosours -> meteorite
10k y ice age mammals -> humans
modern extinction -> 75% of extinctionj since 1600 due to human activity
5 main antropgenic factors for extinction
habitat loss -> urbanisation climate change -> warming invasive species overexploration -> agriculture pollution -> N, P, plastics
menschengemacht
FACHBEGRIFF
antropegenic
biodiveristy global distribution
most at equator the more at poles, the less
function of latitude
however some latitudal peaks (mediteranian) and downs (desert)
for other organism can be inverse:
cactaceae -> peak in desert region no in tropic
why high biodiv in tropics?
old system -> climate stability -> no glaciers
surface area discrease at poles -> not always true -> most mammal in tropics but most landmass in russia
most reasonable -> most thermal energy in tropics
-> more ressources ect
more energy more biomass support
other things that correlate with biodiv.
tree and species richness
primary production - tree species richness
small restricted geographical range
FACHBEGRIFF
ENDEMIC
how endemix are species
25 % of birds
46% to 62% of all flora is endemic to one country
region with high diversity
FACHBEGRIFF
BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT
1500 or more endemic species…
biodiversity regions
35 hotspots -> 50% of all plants and 77% of all terestial vertebrates in 2.3% of land ares
antropocene
great acceleration -> all indicators exponensial curves
water CO2 ect. pp
share of global fossil CO2 emissions in 2018
coal 40% oil 34% gas 20% cement 4%
warming distribution arround the world
polar regions warmed the most
especially the poles
winter months show greatest warming effects
warming of seawater
expands and rises
percipitation changes
overall the same, but extremes change -> more droughts and floods
climate plant mortallity?
atmosphere hotter -> more water soluble in atomsphere -> atmosphere sucks water from plants (pressure deficit) -> plants heat up -> higher mortallity
most dramatic in tropic as trees not adapted to drought stress
effect on boreal and temperate forests
more co2 -> stomata shorter open -> higher water use effiency (WUE) -> can compensate drought
effect of CC on habits on organisms
on who most influence?
(FACHBEGRIFF)
altered the PHENOLOGY of organisms -> great effect in high altittudes and on amphibian (they change breeding ect)
effect of CC on species distribution
birds ect can move but trees die as they move really slowly.
experiment for effect of CC on plants (moving)
plant plants at different elevations and check how they cope with different temperature and humidity -> check if species will move upward…
effect of CC on beetle
beetle that eat woods has longer active season -> much more stress for trees
also trees are weaker due to droughts…
investigations for future impacts of CC
two uncertainties:
- responses of species to variations in climate, that control current distribution and abundance
- how changes in regions will response to increasing greenhouse gas
experiments CC (investigation)
in nature:
controlled experiments that examine one parameter
(co2 uptake ect)
but influences cannot be controlled
in lab:
manipulative experiments
everything is controlled but the natural environment is not given
