Clause + elements Flashcards
What is a clause
A grammatical unit, a combination of phrases structured around a verbal.
What are the phrase types?
noun phrase, verb
phrase, adjective phrase, adverb phrase and prepositional phrase
What is the syntactic function of the Verbal (V)?
the state/action. Always a verb phrase
What is the syntactic function of the subject (S)?
the “doer” of the action. Typically a noun phrase
What is the syntactic function of the direct object (dO)?
something/somebody that is affected/produced by the action. Typically
a noun phrase
What is the syntactic function of the indirect object (iO)?
he beneficiary of the action. Typically a noun phrase
What is the syntactic function of the subject predicative (sP)?
a description/qualification of the subject. Adjective or noun
phrase. Occurs with such verbs as BE, BECOME, etc
What is the syntactic function of the object predicative (oP)?
a description/qualification of the direct object. Adjective or noun
phrase.
What is the syntactic function of the adverbial (A)?
ime, place, manner etc. Typically adverb (phrase) or prepositional phrase.
Nominal function
syntactic function typical of a noun phrase (Subject, Object, Predicative;
complement of preposition)
Verbal function
syntactic function typical of a verb phrase (Verbal)
Adjectival function
syntactic function typical of an adjective phrase (Predicative; modifier
in noun phrase)
Adverbial function:
syntactic function typical of an adverb phrase (Adverbial; modifier in
adjective phrase)
VALENCY
the number of constituents that are required in addition to the verb in order to form
a grammatical sentence (one-place verb: verb + one constituent, two-place verb: verb + two
constituents, etc.)
TRANSITIVITY
to do with the kinds of constituents needed by the verb. A transitive verb
requires a direct object to complete the sentence. The opposite is intransitive.
Intransitive verb
One-place verb (SV)
monotransitive verb
Two-place verb (SVdO)
copular verb
ASCRIPTIVE/EQUATIVE (SVsP)
ditransitive verb
Three-place verb (SViOdO)
Intransitive verb with
obligatory adverbial
SVA
monotransitive verb with
obligatory adverbial
SVdOA
Anticipatory subject
When replaced by it/there/what variants (aS)
Notional subject
Subject that comes after aS
Anticipatory object
When replaced by it/there/what variants (oS)
Free Predicative
Predicative that is applied to object or subject via context and sits in first or last position typically as a verbless clause
Insert
words, phrases or sounds unconnected to matrix itself(Ins)
Connector
and/or/but/ect (C)
Simple Sentence
consisting of one clause
Compound
consisting of two coordinated main clauses
Complex sentence
containing at least 1 subordinate clause
