Classical School of Management Flashcards
Classical School of Management
Focuses on finding the best way to perform and manage an organization’s process. Workers should be told exactly how to accomplish their jobs, and should be broken into small tasks. Example: Production line
Classical Scientific Branch
During the Industrial Revolution, theorists started applying scientific study to the discipline of management. They did this through careful observation and conducting experiments with control groups.
Taylorism
Named after Frederick Taylor who theorised about the Classical Scientific Branch.
Frederick Winslow Taylor
“Father of Scientific Management”. Believed each task within an organization should be studied and then procedures should be created that offer the most efficiency by using the correct tools, steps, and actual movements.
Father of Scientific Management
Frederick Winslow Taylor
Henry Gantt
1910 created the Gannt Chart. Thiss allowed managers to list all of the parts of the process and have a visual representation of how long each part of the process was supposed to last.
Grank and Lillian Gilbreth
Pioneered the Motion Study for the classical school of management
Motion Study
Identification of exactly what actions are needed to complete a task, no more or less, and then training workers to perform those actions.
Classical Administrative Branch
A different school of thought, still using the scientific approach, but looked at the organization as a whole.
Systems Approach
Analyzes the system as a whole to find inefficiencies. Also known as the global outlook approach.
Local Approach vs System Approach
Local approach may optimize a company or manufacturing efficiency a the local level, but could fail to generate any improvement at the system level.
Max Weber
Popularized the Bureaucracy Theory.
6 components of a Bureaucracy according to Max Weber
- Good Record Keeping
- Distance between workers and managers
- A chain of Command
- Division of labor
- Rules
- Promotions based on competence
Henri Fayol
Wrote General and Industrial Administration about his concepts of management
Principles of management according to Henri Fayol
- Division of Work
- Authority
- Discipline
- Unity of Command
- Unity of Direction
- Taking one for the team
- Remuneration
- Centralization
- Scalar Chain
- Order
- Equality
- Limit Turnover
- Initiative
- Esprit de Corps
Division of Work according to Henri Fayol
jobs should be broken down into specialized tasks so they could concentrate on only one portion of the required process
Authority according to Henri Fayol
The ability to give orders to workers and is a necessary ability for managers
Discipline according to Henri Fayol
Manager’s responsibility to ensure it was present by using his authority to punish infractions
Unity of Command according to Henri Fayol
Each worker should only have one direct supervisor to avoid confusion and conflicting orders know this
Unity of Direction according to Henri Fayol
Each department or section that is working towards the same goal should have one direct manager who is following one plan.
Taking one for the team according to Henri Fayol
Actual term is “Subordination of the individual interests to the general interests”. Goals of the worker should be second to goals of the company.
Remuneration according to Henri Fayol
Paying workers fairly
Centralization according to Henri Fayol
only include the minimum number of people in whatever task.
Scalar Chain according to Henri Fayol
Chain of command must be an unbroken line, connecting all employees from the top of the organization to its lowest level. And authority can only flow down the chain.
Order according to Henri Fayol
people and materials should be in the right place at the right time to keep things running smoothly
Equity according to Henri Fayol
managers should treat their employees fairly and with courtesy
Limit turnover according to Henri Fayol
“Stability of tenure of personnel”. Managers should limit tournover and fill open positions quickly.
Initiative according to Henri Fayol
All employees should be motivated about their work and given the freedom to create/institute plans to further the company.
Esprit de Corps according to Henri Fayol
Every organization should have a firm sense of teamwork.
Mary Parket Follett
Authored The New State, Creative Experience, and The Giving of Orders. Pioneered management styles of cooperation and communication and championed organizational structures such as the Matrix organization.
Wrote The New State, Creative Experience, and The Giving of Orders
Mary Parker Follett
Chester Barnard
His theories concentrated on the function of executives in a company and the use of authority and incentives.
