Behavioral School of Management

Question 1

Behavioral School of Management

Answer 1

Looks at human relations and behavioral management theorists believe that understanding worker motivation, expectations, and conflict are crucial to increasing productivity and efficiency.

Question 2

Abraham Maslow

Answer 2

Created the Hierarchy of Needs

Question 3

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 3

Describes the needs of a person to be happy.

Question 4

Order of Maslow’s needs bottom to top

Answer 4

1. Physiological- fundamentals to life
2. Safety- Security of your person, employment, family, health, property
3. Love/Belonging - Family, sexual intimacy, friendship
4. Esteem - confidence, self-esteem, respect, achievement
5. Self-Actualization - morality, problem solving

Question 5

ERG Theory

Answer 5

Existence/Relatedness/Growth. Defined by Clayton Alderfer built off of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, but simplified needs into three larger categories.

Basically, instead of being required to fulfill needs before higher ones, it states that people will attempt to fill the highest need (growth) first, and if not possible will regress to a lower need (relatedness), and finally the lowest (existence).

Question 6

Clayton Alderfer

Answer 6

Created the ERG Theory

Question 7

Frustration-Regression Principle

Answer 7

Based on the ERG Theory, and states that if a person becomes frustrated with lack of achievement of a higher need (ie career advancements), they will regress to fulfilling a lower need (ie family relationships) in order to have ‘some needs’ met.

Question 8

Frederick Herzberg

Answer 8

American psychologist whose work is widely recognized in business management.

Question 9

Two-Factor Theory of Motivation

Answer 9

Two sets of factors in a workplace: Motivator Factors and Hygiene Factors. One that causes satisfaction and the other dissatisfaction

Question 10

Motivator Factors in Herzberg’s Two- Factor Theory

Answer 10

Factors such as recognition or a more impressive title, give workers happiness or motivation. However, in the absence the worker does not result in dissatisfaction. They’re nice to have, but don’t affect the worker if they’re not present.

Question 11

Hygiene Factors in Herzberg’s Two- Factor Theory

Answer 11

Facros such as salary or job security may not produce satisfaction or happiness, but they are crucial for job satisfaction. Merely having a salary is no guarantee of employee happiness, but taking it away would certainly make them unhappy and disgruntled.

Question 12

Fritz Roethlisberger

Answer 12

Social scientist who worked on the Hawthorne experiments. Wrote ‘Management and the Worker’ in 1939.

Question 13

Hawthorne Effect

Answer 13

Shows a person will change their behavior if they know that they are being studied.

Question 14

Fritz Roethlisberger and Elton Mayo

Answer 14

Created a series of studies known as Hawthorne Studies which proved the Hawthorne Effect

Question 15

Douglas McGregor

Answer 15

American psychologist who wrote the book ‘The Human Side of Enterprise’. He created Theory X and Y of Motivation.

Question 16

Theory X of Motivation

Answer 16

Believes that all employees are inherently lazy and must be supervised at all times in order to get work done. If they employees are left alone, they will avoid working if at all possible.

Question 17

Theory Y of Motivation

Answer 17

Believes that workers ‘want’ to do well and accomplish goals given by management. Doesn’t feel the need to constantly supervise the employees and would rather give them responsibility so that more tasks can be completed.

Question 18

“Bad employees get x’s on their evaluations”

Answer 18

Trick to remember Theory X vs Theory Y of Motivation be sure to know

Question 19

McClelland’s Human Motivation Theory

Answer 19

People are motivated by the gaining of different drivers: Power, Affiliation, and Achievement

Question 20

McClelland’s Motivation Theory - Power

Answer 20

seek to win arguments, gain positions of influence, and enjoy competing for status and recognition

Question 21

McClelland’s Motivation Theory - Affiliation

Answer 21

Seeks to be liked and belong to the group. They like to collaborate rather than compete, and dislike high risk tasks.

Question 22

McClelland’s Motivation Theory - Achievement

Answer 22

Like to set high goals and achieve them. They like to work alone for personal achievement, and do not usually collaborate. They like to receive feedback from management on progress made toward their goals.

Question 23

Expectancy Theory

Answer 23

People choose specific behaviors due to the expected results. An employee’s motivation to do a good job for their management based on rewards or avoidance of pain.

Question 24

Victor Vroom

Answer 24

Created Expectancy Theory

Question 25

Equity Theory

Answer 25

Justice-based theories. Personal behavior is motivated by fairness. People wish to be treated fairly, and thus they will attempt to choose fair behaviors for their co-workers as well

Question 26

John Stacey Adams

Answer 26

Developed the Equity Theory