Classical Conditioning II Flashcards
Assoications
Timing is very important in learning associations
what is contiguity
stimuli must happen close together, close in time
only condition necessary for the association of stimuli and responses is that there be a close temporal relationship between them.
what is contigency
for learning to take place, a stimulus must provide the subject information about the likelihood that certain events will occur.
The CS predicts US (relationship between hearing cars and other events) whether event are predictive or not
Association Bias
are all associations equally as formed?
associations form when the CS and US are close, associations are adaptable they are not random but we use instincts to make them because they are necessary.
Rescorla (1968)
simulates how much is learned on each training trial, supports the contingency model.
when you get unforced that the US is not going to show up, organisms can predict that.
What does Rescola Wagnern Explain
classical conditioning, blocking, learning, extinction, overshadowing, conditioned inhibition
Blocking
occurs when previous learning about one stimulus has already occurred (drum sounds), therefore learning about second stimulus is very hard.
Overshadowing
2 stimulus being presented at the same time so one is more noticeable/ important. Both CS are paired with both US, but one stimulus is more salient.
Rescola Wagner is used to exaplain
Classical Conditioning, extinction, blocking, overshadowing, condition inhibition
Condition Inhibition
training one stimulus (A) as a signal for the outcome and simultaneously training a compound of that stimulus and another stimulus (AX) as a signal for no outcome
why cant rescorla wagner explain latent inhibition?
Behavioral results in no learning during classical conditioning
Rescorla-Wagner does predict learning
latent inhibition
pre-exposure to a neutral cue impairs learning about that same cue when it is later paired with a biologically salient event.
Rescorla Wagener Problems
Latent Inhibition
association bias
Operant Conditioning
There is either reinforcement or no reinforcement
discriminative stimulus
a stimulus in the presence of which a response will be reinforced;
may be a reward coming up telling a dog to sit they think that a treat is coming, may or may not
discriminative stimulus
behavior and treat, no behavior no treat
CC VS Operate
similarity; show similiar learning process, show simillar generalization, discrimination, and associative bias
CC: dont waste tine on things they wont get rewarded for
OC: easier for organisms to learn somethings other bc of evolution
OC Generalization
like in CC, generalization and discrimination shape response to new stimuli
ex: generalizing to similar colors
Generalization gradient
curves demonstrating response to the trained stimuli and surrounding stimuli
Discrimination
Dont reinforce anything, or negatively reinforce
Lawrence and Deriver (1954); Transposition
Occurs when animlas transfer a relationship from one set of stimuli to another, show tha animals learned rational responding, relationship between them
Dimensional Learning
reversal shift; learn to be rewarded to chose one things, responding to the opposite dimension, exact opposite
reversal shift is easier than non reversal shift for adults and some does and easier for younger children and non primate animals
Non reversal shift: Always using same stimuli, change what feature we respond to
The black shapes and not the , choosing a different set of them
Intra: rule that you learned, to another stimulus. Learning to chose dark black to white and dark blue to light blue
Extra: change the feature and selecting for, and kind of stimuli. Change color and shape
Intra shift
rule that you learned, to another stimulus.shift learning from one thing to another similar thing
big shapes to small
Extra shift
change the feature selecting for, and kind of stimuli.
Change color and shape
non reversal shift
exact same stimuli, but the one important feature is changed
Always using same stimuli, change what feature we respond to
The black shapes and not the shape itself, choosing a different set of them
