Classical Conditioning II

Question 1

Assoications

Answer 1

Timing is very important in learning associations

Question 2

what is contiguity

Answer 2

stimuli must happen close together, close in time
only condition necessary for the association of stimuli and responses is that there be a close temporal relationship between them.

Question 3

what is contigency

Answer 3

for learning to take place, a stimulus must provide the subject information about the likelihood that certain events will occur.
The CS predicts US (relationship between hearing cars and other events) whether event are predictive or not

Question 4

Association Bias

Answer 4

are all associations equally as formed?
associations form when the CS and US are close, associations are adaptable they are not random but we use instincts to make them because they are necessary.

Question 5

Rescorla (1968)

Answer 5

simulates how much is learned on each training trial, supports the contingency model.
when you get unforced that the US is not going to show up, organisms can predict that.

Question 6

What does Rescola Wagnern Explain

Answer 6

classical conditioning, blocking, learning, extinction, overshadowing, conditioned inhibition

Question 7

Blocking

Answer 7

occurs when previous learning about one stimulus has already occurred (drum sounds), therefore learning about second stimulus is very hard.

Question 8

Overshadowing

Answer 8

2 stimulus being presented at the same time so one is more noticeable/ important. Both CS are paired with both US, but one stimulus is more salient.

Question 9

Rescola Wagner is used to exaplain

Answer 9

Classical Conditioning, extinction, blocking, overshadowing, condition inhibition

Question 10

Condition Inhibition

Answer 10

training one stimulus (A) as a signal for the outcome and simultaneously training a compound of that stimulus and another stimulus (AX) as a signal for no outcome

Question 11

why cant rescorla wagner explain latent inhibition?

Answer 11

Behavioral results in no learning during classical conditioning
Rescorla-Wagner does predict learning

Question 12

latent inhibition

Answer 12

pre-exposure to a neutral cue impairs learning about that same cue when it is later paired with a biologically salient event.

Question 13

Rescorla Wagener Problems

Answer 13

Latent Inhibition
association bias

Question 14

Operant Conditioning

Answer 14

There is either reinforcement or no reinforcement

Question 15

discriminative stimulus

Answer 15

a stimulus in the presence of which a response will be reinforced;
may be a reward coming up telling a dog to sit they think that a treat is coming, may or may not
discriminative stimulus
behavior and treat, no behavior no treat

Question 16

CC VS Operate

Answer 16

similarity; show similiar learning process, show simillar generalization, discrimination, and associative bias
CC: dont waste tine on things they wont get rewarded for
OC: easier for organisms to learn somethings other bc of evolution

Question 17

OC Generalization

Answer 17

like in CC, generalization and discrimination shape response to new stimuli
ex: generalizing to similar colors

Question 18

Generalization gradient

Answer 18

curves demonstrating response to the trained stimuli and surrounding stimuli

Question 19

Discrimination

Answer 19

Dont reinforce anything, or negatively reinforce

Question 20

Lawrence and Deriver (1954); Transposition

Answer 20

Occurs when animlas transfer a relationship from one set of stimuli to another, show tha animals learned rational responding, relationship between them

Question 21

Dimensional Learning

Answer 21

reversal shift; learn to be rewarded to chose one things, responding to the opposite dimension, exact opposite
reversal shift is easier than non reversal shift for adults and some does and easier for younger children and non primate animals
Non reversal shift: Always using same stimuli, change what feature we respond to
The black shapes and not the , choosing a different set of them
Intra: rule that you learned, to another stimulus. Learning to chose dark black to white and dark blue to light blue
Extra: change the feature and selecting for, and kind of stimuli. Change color and shape

Question 22

Intra shift

Answer 22

rule that you learned, to another stimulus.shift learning from one thing to another similar thing
big shapes to small

Question 23

Extra shift

Answer 23

change the feature selecting for, and kind of stimuli.
Change color and shape

Question 24

non reversal shift

Answer 24

exact same stimuli, but the one important feature is changed
Always using same stimuli, change what feature we respond to
The black shapes and not the shape itself, choosing a different set of them

Question 25

Instinctive Drift

Answer 25

the tendency of some trained animals to revert back to instinctual behaviors they will behave in accordance with evolutionary contingencies,

If a behavior we are trying to condition is too similar to an instinctual behavior than the instinct will; instinct will disrupt the conditioning process

Question 26

autoshaping

Answer 26

animals reform irrelevant behavior because reinforcement has previously followed that response