classical conditioning Flashcards
what does classical conditioning states?
learning through association
state 3 Ao1s?
- learning is through association
- natural reflexes are paired with neutral stimuli
- repeated association of the UCS+NS=CS=CR
what is unconditioned stimulus?
original/biological/innate reflexive response -stimulus that makes us respond in an unlearnt natural way
what is unconditioned response?
response to a specific stimulus that occurs naturally -don’t learn response, we are born with it
what is neutral stimulus?
stimulus which does not derive a natural reaction-thing being conditioned ily has no response to the stimulus
what is conditioned stimulus?
stimulus that originally produced no reflexive response-has been associated with UCS-learnt through repetitive pairing/association
what is conditioned response?
learnt response to a stimulus-occurs when CS is presented
what is the formula for classical conditioning?
UCS=UCR
NS+UCS=UCR
CS=CR
what is extinction?
loss of a conditioned response to conditioned stimulus (UCS and CS stop being paired)
what is spontaneous recovery?
previously extinct behaviour returns
what is generalisation?
stimuli similar to conditioned stimulus cause conditioned response to activate
what is discrimination?
stimuli similar to CS do not cause the CR to activate
SUPPORTING
- supported by Pavlov’s dogs
- supported by Little Albert(Watson and Rayner)
CONFLICTING
ignores biological explanations of behaviour-hormones/evolution/brain structure-some phobias believed to have evolutionary origin
- reductionist
- deterministic–merely operating through formula
OTHER EVIDENCE
- operant conditioning
- biological theories-evolution
