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116 - Variations in Health > Class 8: musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Class 8: musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

arthrocentesis

A

procedure in which an incision or puncture is made in a joint capsule, usually to obtain samples of synovial fluid from within the joint cavity for a synovial fluid analysis

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2
Q

arthritis

A

a type of rheumatic disease involving inflammation of a joint or joints

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3
Q

arthroscopy

A

procedure where small fibre optic tube called an arthroscope is inserted into a joint and use to directly examine or to operate on the interior of the joint cavity

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4
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size of tissue or organ caused by a reduction in the number or size of individual cells, characterized by decreased circumference and flabby appearance, leading to decreased function and tone

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5
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa

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6
Q

bursae

A

fluid filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body

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7
Q

crepitation

A

crackling sound or grating sensation as a result of friction between bones, broken bone, or cartilage bits in joints

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8
Q

contracture

A

abnormal, usually permanent condition of a muscle or joint, usually results in the shortening of the muscle

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9
Q

dislocation

A

severe injury of the ligamentous structures that surround a joint, resulting in the complete displacement of the bone from its normal position

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10
Q

fracture

A

a disruption or break in the continuity of the structure of the bone

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11
Q

osteoarthritis

A

a slowly progressive, non-inflammatory disorder of the synovial joints, the most common form of joint disease in north america

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12
Q

repetitive strain injury

A

injury resulting from prolonged force or repetitive movements and awkward postures

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13
Q

sprain

A

an injury related to the ligamentous structures surrounding a joint, usually caused by a wrenching/twisting motion

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14
Q

strain

A

an excessive stretching of a muscle, a muscles fascial sheath, or a tendon; most occur in the foot, hamstring (leg) or back

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15
Q

treatment for strains and sprains

A 
RICE
rest 
ice (20-30 mins)
compression
elevate
not directly on skin, in cycles, 
proximal to distal wrap 
acute phase: give pain assessment
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16
Q

subjective assessment of musculoskeletal system

A
  • pain on movement “tell me about your movement”
  • past health hx
  • surgeries/treatment
  • medications
  • any weaknesses?
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17
Q

objective assessment of musculoskeletal system

A
  • inspect head
  • palpate
  • auscultate (least used)
  • range of motion (active, passive)
  • muscle strength testing
  • measurement
  • reflexes
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18
Q

palpating musculoskeletal system

A
  • looking for edema
  • tenderness
  • skin temp
  • crepitation
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19
Q

common symptoms of injury

A

joint crepitation, loss of movement, pain

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20
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

identifies tissue abnormalities, bony abnormalities, musculoskeletal trauma

21
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

viewing of soft tissue

22
Q

xray

A

determines density and structure of bone

23
Q

arthrography

A

air is injected into the joint cavity to create visualization of joint structures

24
Q

discogram

A

radiography of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disc

25
Q

bone mineral density

A

see how much of the X-ray goes through bone

26
Q

radioisotope studies

A

xray from inside out, injected in vein

27
Q

electromyogram

A

electronic sensors to stimulated muscles ( to monitor activity)

28
Q

duplex venous doppler

A

blood circulation in veins and arteries in the leg

29
Q

arthrocentesis

A

needle inserted into joint cavity to check for inflammation or infection

30
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

measures how quick RBC settle at the bottom of a test tube separating from unclotted blood

31
Q

C reactive protein

A

protein made by the liver, measures the amount of CRP in the blood to detect inflammation

32
Q

clinical manifestations of sprains and strains

A

pain, edema, decreased function, bruising

33
Q

avulsion fracture

A

ligament pulls lose a fragment of bone

34
Q

treatment for strains and sprains

A

surgery, physiotherapy

35
Q

prevention of strains and sprains

A

always stretch prior to exercise. brace prior injurys

36
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation of a joint

37
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

weakness in hands, immobilize with hand splint, a condition caused by the compression of the median nerve, located in the wrist

38
Q

rotator cuff injury

A

injury to shoulder

39
Q

meniscus injury

A

knee sprains, can lead to surgery

40
Q

osteoarthritis

A

rubbing of bones causing pain

  • involves only joints
  • localized
  • morning stiffness last 30 min or less
  • asymmetrical
  • bony enlargement of joints
  • treatment involves managing symptoms, no cure
41
Q

etiology and pathophysiology of osteoarthritis

A

slowly progressive non-inflammatory disorder of the synovial joint

42
Q

risk factors of OA

A
  • gender (women are more susceptible)
  • genetic factors
  • mechanical stress
  • inflammation
  • skeletal deformities
  • some medications
  • obesity
  • trauma
  • joint instability
  • neurological disorders
  • hematological or endocrine disorders
43
Q

clinical manifestations of OA

A
  • joint pain and stiffness
  • increasing disability and loss of joint function
  • crepitation
  • bow legged gait
  • asymmetrical impact
  • deformity and instability
  • most common fingers, thumbs, weight bearing joints
44
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

never really goes away

  • chronic systemic autoimmune disease
  • inflammation of connective tissue in synovial joints
  • periods of remissions and exacerbations
  • systemic disease
  • morning stiffness for an hour or more
  • symmetrical
  • swollen joints
  • drug treatment used, no cure
45
Q

risk factors of RA

A

autoimmune disease

  • cause unknown
  • gender (females 2 times more likely to to get it)
  • age (25-50)
  • genetics
  • smoking
46
Q

clinical manifestations of RA

A
  • insidious onset
  • fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, fever, generalized stiffness
  • localized stiffness, pain, limitation of motion, inflammatory
  • symmetrical joint involvement
  • joint deformity
47
Q

NSAIDS

A

physical comfort non steroidal anti-inflammatory

48
Q

DMARD

A

disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs

116 - Variations in Health (11 decks)

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