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116 - Variations in Health > Class 6: Cardiovascular Disease > Flashcards

Class 6: Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Bradycardia

A

less than 60

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2
Q

tachycardia

A

higher than 100

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3
Q

hypertension

A

high elevated bp that is prolonged 140/90

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4
Q

essential hypertension

A

elevated bp with no other cause

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5
Q

secondary hypertension

A

caused by another disease or medical condition

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6
Q

coronary artery disease

A

build up of plaque in the artery (become hardened and narrowed)

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7
Q

ischemia

A

inadequate blood supply to an organ

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8
Q

edema

A

swelling from injury. small blood vessels leak to tissues

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9
Q

plaque

A

made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and others in blood

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10
Q

vasodilation

A

dilation of blood vessels, decrease BP

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11
Q

vasoconstriction

A

constriction of blood vessels, increase BP

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12
Q

cardiovascular disease

A

a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels

  • coronary heart disease
  • cerebrovascular disease
  • peripheral arterial disease
  • rheumatic heart disease
  • congenital heart disease
  • deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
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13
Q

isolated systolic hypertension

A

pulse pressure increases

  • mild to moderate elevated systolic BP
  • normal or subnormal diastolic BP
  • occurs primarily in older adults
  • aorta and major arteries lose flexibility with age
  • heart pumps harder to get blood through
  • diastolic stays normal because no system vasoconstriction
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14
Q

secondary hypertension

A

results from known diseases

  • chronic kidney disease
  • endocrine gland dysfunction
  • pituitary or adrenal tumour
  • hyperactive thyroid gland
  • in most cases, successful treatment of underlying conditions cures the hypertension
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15
Q

primary (essential) hypertension

A
  • 90-95% of all hypertension cases
  • no direct known cause
  • many risk factors
  • affects the heart, blood vessels and kidneys
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16
Q

cardiac output

A

stoke volume (amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per beat) x heart beats per minute

17
Q

systemic vascular resistance

A

force opposing the movement of blood within the blood vessels.
-mechanisms that regulate bp affect cardiac output or systemic vascular resistance

18
Q

barorecptors

A

found in carotid arteries. they vasodilator to lower blood pressure by stimulating sympathetic receptors

19
Q

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

A

cause vasoconstriction in response to low bp

20
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

affects blood volume and high bp

21
Q

aldosterone

A

released by adrenal cortex. stimulates kidneys to realize water. increase bp

22
Q

epinephrine

A

increase bp, released in blood stream

23
Q

prevention of hypertension

A
  • decrease fat, sodium, alcohol, stress
  • no smoking
  • increase physical activity
  • manage diabetes
  • manage healthy weight
24
Q

treatment of hypertension

A

-lifestyle modifications and medication

25
Q

meds used for hypertension

A

ace-I
calcium channel blockers
diuretic
beta blocker

26
Q

risk factors for hypertension

A
  • diet
  • stress
  • manage chronic conditions
  • obesity
  • mobility
27
Q

coronary artery disease

A

build up of plaque in lumen artery and then a rupture or blood clot can occur

28
Q

arteriosclerosis

A
  • hardening of medium or large arteries
  • thickens arterial walls
  • leads to loss of arterial elasticity
29
Q

artherosclerosis

A

a form of arteriosclerosis

  • artery walls thickens from accumulation of plaque (fat, cholesterol, calcium, waste products from cells)
  • narrows and stiffen arteries
    arthero: sludge, sclerosis: hardening
30
Q

modifiable risk factors for CAD

A

increase activity
decrease alcohol, stress, sodium and fat
no smoking
manage diabetes and healthy weight

31
Q

non modifiable risk factors for CAD

A

genetics, age, family hx, gender/sex, ethnicity

32
Q

meds for CAD

A

atorvastatin

33
Q

cardiovascular assessment

A

pulse, blood flow, where is the blood going and is it going where they need it to

34
Q

peripheral vascular assessment

A

pale, cold,

  • hx
  • inspection
  • vital signs
  • chest pain
  • peripheral and apical pulse
  • spo2
  • previous drug use

116 - Variations in Health (11 decks)

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