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NEUR1202 > Class 8: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) > Flashcards

Class 8: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Flashcards

1
Q

Define ASD

A

A neurological and developmental disorder that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout a person’s life

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2
Q

According to the DSM, what two domains is ASD associated to

A
  1. Persistent deficits in social communication & social interaction across multiple contexts
  2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities
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3
Q

Name 4 deficits in the Social Communication and Interaction portion of DSM for Autism

A
  1. Abnormal eye contact
  2. Not getting emotional cues
  3. Not initiating or responding to social interactions
  4. Deficits in developing, maintaining, or understanding relationships
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4
Q

Name 4 deficits in Restricted, Repetitive Patterns of Behaviour, Interests, or Activities portion of DSM for Autism

A
  1. Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects or speech
  2. Insistence on sameness, inflexible to change in routine, or have ritualized patterns of verbal/non-verbal behaviour
  3. Highly fixated interests with abnormal intensity
  4. Hyper-reactivity or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment
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5
Q

Name 3 characteristics associated with ASD that are NOT in the DSM-5

A
  1. Lack of or more than reasonable amount of fear
  2. Delayed language, movement or learning
  3. Epilepsy or seizure disorder
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6
Q

What are ASD strengths?

A
  1. Direction
  2. Order
  3. Time
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7
Q

How common is a ASD diagnosis in Canada?

A

1 in 66

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8
Q

How common is a ASD diagnosis for MALES in Canada?

A

1 in 42

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9
Q

How common is a ASD diagnosis for FEMALES in Canada?

A

1 in 165

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10
Q

What percent of diagnosed people with ASD are diagnosed by age 8?

A

75%

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11
Q

Why might ASD be much more common in males?

A

The surge of testosterone seems to contribute to ASD

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12
Q

What are 4 development behavioural symptoms of ASD? And at what ages?

A
  1. Does not respond to name by 9 months
  2. Does not use gestures by 12 months
  3. Does not use facial expressions, or notice when others are hurt or upset by 9 to 24 months
  4. Does not notice children & join them in play by 36 months
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13
Q

At what age is ASD reliably diagnosed?

A

2 years of age (extreme cases) or usually around 6 years of age (median)

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14
Q

What does MRI stand for?

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

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15
Q

In what disorder does an enhancement in the connection between brain areas seem to occur?

A

ASD especially between sensory processing and emotion

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16
Q

Define synaptic pruning

A

Fine tuning of brain connections. Eliminating unwanted synapses

17
Q

What is a theory regarding synaptic pruning and ASD?

A

That the brain has an overgrowth of synaptic connections due to a deficiency in the ability to clear synapses

18
Q

What is the ‘normal’ timeline for synapse development?

A
  1. The creation of many synapses
  2. The elimination of not needed or unused synapse (Synapse Elimination)
  3. The maturing in the synapses that remain (Synapse Maturation)
19
Q

What is the ‘ASD’ timeline of synaptic development?

A
  1. The creation of many synapses
  2. Failed elimination some synapses (Failed Elimination)
  3. Excessive synapses trying and struggling to develop
20
Q

Is this normal or abnormal synaptic pruning?

A

Abnormal

21
Q

Is this normal or abnormal synaptic pruning?

A

Normal

22
Q

Define Maternal Inflammation

A

Inflammation that occurs in pregnant moms resulting from activation of immune system (potentially affecting developing fetus)

23
Q

What is a environmental risk factor for ASD?

A

Maternal Inflammation

24
Q

Describe a mouse social interaction test.

A
  1. There are three areas originally empty
  2. Add a mouse
  3. The original mouse ‘should’ want to be with other mouse
25
Q

Do anti-inflammatories prevent autistic behaviours when given to the mother mouse?

A

Yes

26
Q

Is ASD heritable and how do we know?

A

Yes highly, monozygotic twins is 36%-91% vs other twins 0%-5%

27
Q

Define ABA

A

Applied Behavior Analysis which emphasize play, social interaction, and communication

NEUR1202 (15 decks)

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