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NURS 4540 > Class 7 - advocacy, policy, & collab > Flashcards

Class 7 - advocacy, policy, & collab Flashcards

1
Q

Why is advocacy a critical strategy for population health

A
  • emphasizes collective actions to effect systemic change
  • focuses on changing upstream factors related to the SDOH
  • explicitly recognizes the importance of engaging in political processes to effect desired policy changes at organizational and system levels
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2
Q

What are 3 strategic areas of work to strengthen PHC worldwide, according to WHO

A
  • providing a ‘one-stop’ mechanism for PHC implementation support
  • producing PHC-oriented evidence and innovation (focus on ppl eft behind)
  • promoting PHC renewal (through policy leadership, advocacy and strategic partnerships
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3
Q

Which principles of primary health care help strengthen PHC

A
  • public participation
  • intersectoral collaboration
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4
Q

What are the different levels of public involvement (least to most)

A
  • inform
  • input
  • engage
  • collaborative
  • empower
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5
Q

Public involvement, inform:

A
  • info out
  • info goes from a health organization to the public
  • purpose: creating awareness and public education
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6
Q

public involvement, example of inform

A

social marketing campaign is used to increase public awareness about active living strategies

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7
Q

public involvement, input:

A
  • info in
  • input comes from the public to a health organization
  • purpose: getting citizen and/or stakeholder input, advice, and feedback
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8
Q

public involvement, example of input:

A

a broad community survey is used to obtain public input on play-ground safety

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9
Q

public involvement, engage:

A
  • health organization and the public talk and understand each other
  • purpose: in-depth exploration of views, perspectives, and interests, with emphasis on listening and achieving mutual understanding
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10
Q

public involvement, example of engage:

A

a structured public consultation day is held to explore a geographic community’s perspectives on the determinants of health

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11
Q

public involvement, collaborate:

A
  • a health organization and the public work together over a period of time
  • purpose: to make decisions and/or develop policy on an issue
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12
Q

public involvement, example of collaborative:

A

a health organization works collaboratively with community partners on issues

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13
Q

public involvement, empower:

A
  • a health organization works with the public to build capacity
  • purpose: to enable the public to make decisions and take action in areas that affect health
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14
Q

public involvement, example of empower:

A

communities make decisions in areas that impact health through community development and social action

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15
Q

define collaboration

A
  • process in which parties with a stake in the issue actively seek a mutually determined solution or plan
  • often short term, less formal
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16
Q

define partnership

A
  • a type of collaboration
  • occurs when purpose of collab is to advance a shared vision of a need, and the expected outcome is to develop and implement a joint agreement to address the problem and bring the vision reality
  • usually longer term, more formal
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17
Q

What is the advantage of collaboration and partnership

A

collectively, we can achieve something that could not have been achieved by any one individual, group, organization working alone

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18
Q

Partnership is characterized by…

A
  • shared authority, responsibility, management
  • shared liability, risk-taking, accountability, rewards
  • detailed communication strategies
  • joint investment of resources (time, work, funding, material, expertise, info)
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19
Q

What actions are required for partnerships?

A

require…
- building trusting relationship
- constant evaluation
- ability to respond/adapt to change
- re-negotiate purpose and revise action plan, if necessary

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20
Q

What are the guiding principles of partnerships (shorten)

A
  • same mission, goals, objectives, and guiding principles
  • partners are recognized for unique, essential contributions
  • all partners agree to share everything
  • should enhance capacity while achieving common purpose
  • accommodate changing needs
  • all communication and activities embody principles of social justice and equity
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21
Q

Himmelman’s Collaborative Continuum

A
  • Networking (info exchange)
  • Coordination (altering activities)
  • cooperation (sharing resources)
  • collaboration (mutual benefit)
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22
Q

Collaboration and partnership, mutual concepts

A
  • connect
  • foster shared understanding
  • create a shared vision
  • plan collaboratively
  • work together for change
  • celebrate, evaluate and renew
23
Q

Collaboration and partnership, connect

A

reaching out to new partners

24
Q

Collaboration and partnership, foster shared understanding

A

getting to know one another and building a deeper understanding

25
Q

Collaboration and partnership, create a shared vision

A

common ground between all

26
Q

Collaboration and partnership, plan collaboratively

A

appreciating diversity

27
Q

Collaboration and partnership, work together for change

A

documentation of your work plan

28
Q

Collaboration and partnership, celebrate, evaluate and renew

A
  • partnerships must be nurtured
  • identify and celebrate the impacts you might never have achieved alone
29
Q

Collaboration and partnership; what is a participatory approach

A
  • community is involved in planning, problem solving
  • members have ownership of initiative
  • commitment is to long-term change
30
Q

Collaboration and partnership; advantages of participatory approach

A
  • sustainable; it’s more long-term
  • voices are heard
  • better ‘big picture’
  • decrease resistance
31
Q

Collaboration and partnership; disadvantage of participatory approach

A

may take longer; takes time

32
Q

Collaboration and partnership; what is a directive/prescriptive approach

A

change process imposed by outside force (ex health professional)

33
Q

Collaboration and partnership; advantage of directive/prescriptive approach

A

takes less time; dont need to involve everyone

34
Q

Collaboration and partnership; disadvantage of directive/prescriptive approach

A
  • increase resistance; community doesnt buy-in
35
Q

Where is advocacy seen for policy change?

A
  • Ottawa charter strategy
  • empowerment strategy
  • capacity building
  • health equity
36
Q

What are the 4 actions of advocacy and health equity

A
  • action 1: strengthening individuals = representational or client advocacy
  • action 2: strengthening communities = community development advocacy
  • action 3: improving living and working conditions = social policy reform advocacy
  • action 4: promoting healthy macro-policies = community activism advocacy
37
Q

Advocacy for policy change; non-linear approach description

A
  • Political stream
  • Problem stream (agenda setting): need to be addressed; influences policy option
  • policy stream (policy formulation): solutions identified
  • decision making: select policy option(s) considering the direct and indirect costs and benefits, and moral and ethical arguments
  • policy window: opens if the work of the problem and policy streams align
  • implementation eval
38
Q

What are the 3 phases for developing a healthy public policy

A
  • planning
  • implementation
  • evaluation
39
Q

Eight step break down for developing healthy public policy; planning phase

A
  • step 1: identify, describe and analyze the problem
  • step 2: identify and analyze policy options
  • step 3: determine and understand decision makers and influencers
  • step 4: assess readiness for policy development
  • step 5: develop an action plan
40
Q

Eight step break down for developing healthy public policy; implementation phase

A
  • step 6: implement the action plan
  • step 7: facilitate the adoption and implementation of the policy
41
Q

Eight step break down for developing healthy public policy; evaluation phase

A

step 8: evaluate the policy

42
Q

How do CHNs directly influence the policy process

A

developing, implementing, and/or evaluating policy

43
Q

How do CHNs indirectly influence the policy process

A
  • conducting policy-relevant research
  • advocating for policy change
  • facilitating/enabling a community to identify its health or social needs and health or public policies to fulfill these needs
44
Q

Advocacy for policy change; examples of low profile

A
  • meeting/speaking to/writing to decision-makers on behalf of a client
  • sharing info (eg. research findings)
  • preparing non-public briefing note
  • publishing policy recommendations from research findings
45
Q

Advocacy for policy change; example of medium profile

A
  • ‘feed’ the opposition
  • deputations at committee meetings w/ elected officials/decision-makers
  • alliances/partnerships with other groups
  • letters to elected officials/newspapers
  • use of social media/blogs
46
Q

Advocacy for policy change; example of high profile

A
  • ad campaigns
  • media interviews (especially radio/TV)
  • demonstrations and rallies
47
Q

For successful advocacy, you need to be prepared to respond to/deal with what?

A

counter-arguments
- ‘proposed change is too costly’
- increase restrict individual freedom to an inordinate degree’
- ‘there is an alternative way to address’ (non-policy)

48
Q

For successful advocacy, who do you need to convince?

A

decision makers

49
Q

How is health inequities described?

A
  • predictable
  • systemic
  • modifiable & avoidable
  • unfair
50
Q

What are the global call to action

A

social injustice is killing people on a grand scale
- improve daily living conditions
- tackle inequitable distribution of power, money, and resources
- measure and understand the problem and assess the impact of action

51
Q

What is intersectionality

A

the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender as they apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage

52
Q

Using a intersectionality approach includes:

A
  • prioritize social justice
  • disrupt systems of oppression that create inequities
  • centre and engage people from historically oppressed groups
  • recognize communities are heterogenous with diverse needs and experiences
53
Q

CHN 21st century

A
  • roots in caring
  • focus and act ‘upstream’
  • evidence informed, access to an use of local data to informed decisions
  • community engagement
  • relationships key
  • leadership and organizational commitment (recognition that health equity is everyone’s job)

NURS 4540 (12 decks)

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