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NURS 4540 > Class 11 - global, environmental health > Flashcards

Class 11 - global, environmental health Flashcards

1
Q

What are the historical origins of the different levels of global health

A
  • colonial medicine
  • missionary medicine
  • military medicine
  • tropical medicine
  • international health
  • global health
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2
Q

What is global health 1.0

A
  • tropical medicine
  • primarily concerned with keeping white men alive in the tropics
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3
Q

What is global health 2.0

A
  • international health
  • people in rich countries doing something to help people in poor countries
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4
Q

What is global health 3.0

A

Doing it FOR ppl, rather than WITH ppl
- the main manifestation of global health
- researchers from rich countries leading research programmes in poor countries

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5
Q

What is global health 4.0

A
  • increasing the present and certainly the future
  • research and other activities being led by researchers from low and middle income countries
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6
Q

What is the history of global health

A

flows of goods, services, and strategies along well-trod, north-south pathways

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7
Q

Differences between ‘global north’ and ‘global south’

A

Global North (USA, UK): assumed predominantly wealthy
- Global South (India, Africa): assumed not so wealthy

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8
Q

Where does funding come from in global health?

A

high income countries: US drives a lot of funding; why they are running the agenda

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9
Q

Where is most of the global health funding being distributed to?

A

HIV/ AIDS (works in favour of ‘rich’ countries)

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10
Q

Where is least of the global health funding being distributed to?

A

TB (seen in less wealthy countries)

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11
Q

Define global health

A

area of study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide

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12
Q

Life on 4 income levels: level 1

A
  • 1 billion people
  • made up ppl who earn less than $2/day & live in extreme poverty
  • in survival mode their entire life
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13
Q

Life on 4 income levels: level 2

A
  • 3 billion people
  • made up of ppl who earn between $2-8/day
  • almost half the world’s population live at this income
    *any additional costs will add to financial stress
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14
Q

Life on 4 income levels: level 3

A
  • 2 billion people
  • made up of ppl who earn between $8-32/day
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15
Q

Life on 4 income levels: level 4

A
  • 1 billion people
  • made up of people who earn more than $32/day
    *better opportunities
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16
Q

What are the UN sustainable development goals?

A
  • 17 goals to transform our world
  • a call for action in call countries; blue print for peace & prosperity of world
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17
Q

What are the two sides of ‘the coin’ concept

A

privilege & oppression allyship

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18
Q

Coin, describe privilege

A
  • have benefit others don’t
  • didn’t earn it
  • have it because of who you happen to be
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19
Q

Coin, describe oppression

A
  • have a disadvantage other don’t
  • didn’t earn it
  • have it because of who you happen to be
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20
Q

Coin, example of privilege

A
  • upper/mid class
  • white
  • settler
  • able-bodied
  • straight
  • cis
  • male
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21
Q

Coin, example of oppression

A
  • not male/female
  • trans
  • not straight/LGTBQIA2S
  • disabled
  • Indigenous
  • not white/racialize
  • lower class
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22
Q

Can people be on the privilege side of the some coins, and the oppression side of other coins at the same time?

A

YES! intersectionality

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23
Q

What is allyship

A

an active consistent, and arduous practice of unlearning and re-evaluating in which a person of privilege seeks to operate in solidarity with a marginalized group of people

24
Q

What are ways to always keep a critical perspective on global health?

A
  • don’t engage voluntourism
  • learn about colonial hx before doing global health
  • pre-departure training programs
  • tap into local expertise
25
Q

What are involved in environmental frameworks (ecological DOH)

A
  • Indigenous perspectives on health and the environment
  • intersectional ecological-feminist approaches
  • planetary health approaches
26
Q

EDOH level of prevention, example of primordial prevention

A
  • legislation that protects green spaces
  • legislation that restricts pollution
27
Q

EDOH level of prevention, example of primary prevention

A

helping new parents make better environmentally sound choices

28
Q

EDOH level of prevention, example of secondary prevention

A

preventing harm to natural environment when an new subdivision is proposed

29
Q

EDOH level of prevention, example of tertiary prevention

A

environmental health clinics to help patients and community with health issues r/t environment

30
Q

EDOH level of prevention, example of quaternary prevention

A

pharmaceutical components in freshwater and saltwater (esp. estrogen, abx, and chemotherapy drugs)

31
Q

What are ways in improving EDOH

A
  • prevent outbreaks of zoonotic diseases
  • improve food safety and security
  • reduce anti-microbial-resistant infections and improve human/animal health
  • protect global health security
  • protect biodiversity and conservation
32
Q

What is the nursing call to action to help support the health of migrants and refugees

A
  • clinical care: call to address health needs (disease exacerbated by poverty, mental health, and NCDS)
  • advocacy: call for policies to improve healthcare
  • equity: call to address the SDOH
  • justice: call for innovation approaches to migrant health
33
Q

What is a disaster

A
  • usually occur suddenly
  • long term effects
34
Q

What are causes of disasters

A
  • nature
  • human error
  • biohazard
  • infectious disease
35
Q

What are examples of groups at risk of experiencing the effects of a disaster

A
  • women
  • children
  • older adults
  • poor
  • people with disabilites
36
Q

What is a defining feature of a disaster

A

the event exceeds the capacity of the community to respond

37
Q

What are the types of disasters

A
  • natural
  • human made
  • epidemics
38
Q

examples of natural disasters

A
  • droughts
  • heat waves
  • ice storms
  • heavy snowfall
  • earthquakes
  • tornadoes
  • floods
  • tsunamis
  • wildfires
39
Q

examples of human made disasters

A
  • bioterrorism
  • bombing
  • nuclear disasters
  • oil spills
  • 9/11
  • plane crash
40
Q

What are the stages of emergency management

A
  • prevention
  • mitigation
  • preparedness
  • response
  • recovery
41
Q

Emergency management, describe prevention

A

involves activities taken to prevent or avoid an emergency or disaster, before the emergency

42
Q

Emergency management, describe mitigation

A

involves actions that can reduce the impact of a disaster on the community

43
Q

Emergency management, describe preparedness

A

maximize efficiency of response through planning and preparation

44
Q

Emergency management, describe response

A

address immediate effects; focus on operations and mobilization of providers, coordination of services

45
Q

Emergency management, describe recovery

A

return to normal, the longest phase, restoration

46
Q

What is emergency management

A

an essential discipline involving a diverse group of professionals, with responsibility of the govy, to assess ad deal with risk in an effort to protect health and safety of public

47
Q

What is the Hazard ID Risk Assessment (HIRA)

A
  • tool used to prepare for the worst and most likely risks specific to communities
  • helps prioritize threats based on risk of probability and impact
48
Q

What are the legislation acts regarding emergencies and preparedness?

A
  • The Emergencies Act
  • The Emergency Preparedness Act
  • The Emergency Management Act
49
Q

What is the Emergencies Act

A
  • federal; grants special powers
  • 4 categories of national emergency
50
Q

What are the 4 categories within the Emergencies Act

A
  • public welfare emergency natural disaster/accidents)
  • public order emergencies (national security threat)
  • international emergencies (coercion/intimidation/force/violence)
  • a state of war
51
Q

What is the Emergency Preparedness Act

A

basis for planning necessary to address all disasters

52
Q

What is the Emergency Management Act

A

strengthens govy’s readiness to respond by defining roles and responsibility for all fed minsters

53
Q

What is a surge capacity

A

increased capacity available during mass casualty situations and disasters

54
Q

What is medical triage

A

the prioritization of patient care (or victims during a disaster) based on illness/injury, severity, prognosis, and resource availability

55
Q

What is the precautionary principle

A

enables decision-makers to adopt precautionary measures when scientific evidence about a health hazard is uncertain and stakes are high

NURS 4540 (12 decks)

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