Class 10 - Chronic Disease & Injury Prevention

Question 1

define epidemiology

Answer 1

the study of the occurrence and distribution of health-related states or events in specified populations

Question 2

What are commonly used rates in epidemiology

Answer 2

• crude mortality rate (death of specific disease)
• specific mortality rate (death of specific cause)
• infant death rate (death/live births)
• prevalence rate (disease/total pop)
• incidence rate (new cases/tot pop)
• relative risk (rate exposed/rate unexposed)

Question 3

What is the rank of the leading cause of death?

Answer 3

• transport accident
• suicide/self-harm
• unintentional poisoning
• falls

Question 4

What questions for epidemiologists ask?

Answer 4

• who (host)
• what (agent)
• where (environment)
• when
• how and why (causality and modes of transmission)

Question 5

What are the 5 leading causes of death for Canadians? (2022)

Answer 5

• malignant neoplasms
• diseases of heart
• COVID
• accidents
• Cerebrovascular disease

Question 6

What is association

Answer 6

Occurs when there is reasonable evidence that a connection exists between a stressor or environmental factor and a disease or health challenge

Question 7

What is causation

Answer 7

an association that has been confirmed and there is a definite, statistical, cause-and-effect relationship between a particular stimulus and occurrence of a disease

Question 8

When establishing causality, what two important concepts are necessary

Answer 8

• stressor must be present
• sufficient amount of exposure required

Question 9

What are the causation criteria?

Answer 9

• temporal relationship
• strength of association
• dose-response
• specificity
• consistency
• biologic plausibility
• experimental replication

Question 10

How is epidemiology measured through

Answer 10

data is collected and analyzed to determine extent of disease process and effect on population

Question 11

Which factors must be presented with data collected for epidemiology

Answer 11

• population
• time frame
• human characteristics (gender, race, age)

Question 12

What are common rate measurements in epidemiology?

Answer 12

• mortality rates: crude, specific, proportional
• survival (prognosis) rates: describe effect of a given disease and can be used to compare efficacy of various tx
• morbidity (illness) rates: pic of a population and disease over time
• prevalence & incidence: describe morbidity in population

Question 13

The largest proportion of the population affected by mental illness is between which ages?

Answer 13

ages 10 and 29

Question 14

Examples of ‘risk factors’

Answer 14

• women
• Indigenous persons
• visible minorities
• individuals who identify as LGBTQ2S
• homeless persons
• refugees
• persons w/ disabilities

Question 15

What is the leading causes of death in Canadian youth + highest in the age group 40-59 years

Answer 15

suicide

Question 16

define screening

Answer 16

the testing of individuals who do not have symptoms in order to detect a health problem

Question 17

What is PYLL

Answer 17

• summary measure of premature mortality, providing an explicit way of weighting deaths occurring at younger ages, which may be preventable
• calculation involves summing up deaths occurring at each age and multiplying this with the number of remaining years to live up to a selected age limit (age 75)

Question 18

What are the implications of injuries for individuals, communities, healthcare systems?

Answer 18

-Preventable injuries cost the Canadian economy billions in a single year, including billions in direct health-care costs.
- The human cost of injury brings pain, suffering and diminished health and well-being to individuals and their families

Question 19

What 3 screening are provided by CancerCare MB?

Answer 19

• breast check (50-74 q2yr)
• cervix check (21-69 q3yr)
• colon check (50-74 q2yr)

Question 20

Kyoon Article; name the main 5 strengths of supporting health and community-based primary healthcare delivery

Answer 20

• cooperative community
• leadership
• activities in the community
• positive experiences with community-based healthcare systems
• connection to land

Question 21

How can a trauma informed approach be exercised for Indigenous people who experienced trauma in residential schools

Answer 21

• view trauma as injury
• prioritize survivors’ safety, choice, and sense of owner ship/control

Question 22

Examples of what the role of a CHN is in prevention of major illness? (general answer)

Answer 22

• education
• health promotion
• direct care
• community development
• mobilization
• liaison
• research
• advocacy
• program planning
• evaluation
• policy