Class 10 - Chronic Disease & Injury Prevention Flashcards
define epidemiology
the study of the occurrence and distribution of health-related states or events in specified populations
What are commonly used rates in epidemiology
- crude mortality rate (death of specific disease)
- specific mortality rate (death of specific cause)
- infant death rate (death/live births)
- prevalence rate (disease/total pop)
- incidence rate (new cases/tot pop)
- relative risk (rate exposed/rate unexposed)
What is the rank of the leading cause of death?
- transport accident
- suicide/self-harm
- unintentional poisoning
- falls
What questions for epidemiologists ask?
- who (host)
- what (agent)
- where (environment)
- when
- how and why (causality and modes of transmission)
What are the 5 leading causes of death for Canadians? (2022)
- malignant neoplasms
- diseases of heart
- COVID
- accidents
- Cerebrovascular disease
What is association
Occurs when there is reasonable evidence that a connection exists between a stressor or environmental factor and a disease or health challenge
What is causation
an association that has been confirmed and there is a definite, statistical, cause-and-effect relationship between a particular stimulus and occurrence of a disease
When establishing causality, what two important concepts are necessary
- stressor must be present
- sufficient amount of exposure required
What are the causation criteria?
- temporal relationship
- strength of association
- dose-response
- specificity
- consistency
- biologic plausibility
- experimental replication
How is epidemiology measured through
data is collected and analyzed to determine extent of disease process and effect on population
Which factors must be presented with data collected for epidemiology
- population
- time frame
- human characteristics (gender, race, age)
What are common rate measurements in epidemiology?
- mortality rates: crude, specific, proportional
- survival (prognosis) rates: describe effect of a given disease and can be used to compare efficacy of various tx
- morbidity (illness) rates: pic of a population and disease over time
- prevalence & incidence: describe morbidity in population
The largest proportion of the population affected by mental illness is between which ages?
ages 10 and 29
Examples of ‘risk factors’
- women
- Indigenous persons
- visible minorities
- individuals who identify as LGBTQ2S
- homeless persons
- refugees
- persons w/ disabilities
What is the leading causes of death in Canadian youth + highest in the age group 40-59 years
suicide
define screening
the testing of individuals who do not have symptoms in order to detect a health problem
What is PYLL
- summary measure of premature mortality, providing an explicit way of weighting deaths occurring at younger ages, which may be preventable
- calculation involves summing up deaths occurring at each age and multiplying this with the number of remaining years to live up to a selected age limit (age 75)
What are the implications of injuries for individuals, communities, healthcare systems?
-Preventable injuries cost the Canadian economy billions in a single year, including billions in direct health-care costs.
- The human cost of injury brings pain, suffering and diminished health and well-being to individuals and their families
What 3 screening are provided by CancerCare MB?
- breast check (50-74 q2yr)
- cervix check (21-69 q3yr)
- colon check (50-74 q2yr)
Kyoon Article; name the main 5 strengths of supporting health and community-based primary healthcare delivery
- cooperative community
- leadership
- activities in the community
- positive experiences with community-based healthcare systems
- connection to land
How can a trauma informed approach be exercised for Indigenous people who experienced trauma in residential schools
- view trauma as injury
- prioritize survivors’ safety, choice, and sense of owner ship/control
Examples of what the role of a CHN is in prevention of major illness? (general answer)
- education
- health promotion
- direct care
- community development
- mobilization
- liaison
- research
- advocacy
- program planning
- evaluation
- policy
