Class 5 Pain

Question 1

nociception

Answer 1

process of encoding sensory stimuli

Question 2

somatic pain

Answer 2

bones, skin, muscles, joint pain

Question 3

referred pain

Answer 3

pain felt elsewhere

Question 4

visceral pain

Answer 4

organ pain

Question 5

neuropathic pain

Answer 5

pain from nerves

Question 6

nociceptor

Answer 6

pain receptor

Question 7

transmission

Answer 7

AP from site of injury to spinal cord –> spinal cord to brain stem & thalamus –> thalamus to cortex

Question 8

transduction

Answer 8

site of injury; releases chemicals such as PROSTAGLANDINS; Substance P; etc.; then activates nociceptors which leads to an AP

Question 9

perception

Answer 9

experience of pain

Question 10

modulation

Answer 10

neurons from the brain stem descend down the spinal cord and release substances (e.g. endogenous opioids) to inhibit nociceptive impulses

Question 11

PAIN

Answer 11

P - pattern
A - area
I - intensity
N - nature

Question 12

Acute pain

Answer 12

sudden, quick onset; SNS responses; cause can be determined; brief

Question 13

chronic pain

Answer 13

long-lasting; no SNS effect; cause/source can be difficult to determine; interferes with ADL’s

Question 14

Prostaglandins

Answer 14

control inflammation, blood flow, formation of blood clots

Question 15

COX-1

Answer 15

produce gastric mucus; enhance renal perfusion; assist in thrombus formation

Question 16

COX-2

Answer 16

produces pain, edema, fever, stimulates the cycle of inflammation

Question 17

Salicylism

Answer 17

overdose of salicylic containing compounds (e.g. aspirin)

Question 18

Mu receptors

Answer 18

opioid receptors; analgesia; respiratory depression; sedation; euphoria; physical dependence; decreased GI motility

Question 19

Kappa receptors

Answer 19

opioid receptor; analgesia; sedation; decreased GI motility

Question 20

Delta receptors

Answer 20

analgesia; decreased GI motility

Question 21

agonist

Answer 21

activates receptors

Question 22

antagonist

Answer 22

inhibits receptors

Question 23

mixed agonist-antagonist

Answer 23

sometimes acts as an agonist; other times acts as an antagonist

Question 24

equinanalgesic dose

Answer 24

dose that roughly yields the same amount of analgesia to the standard dose (equivalent to 10 mg)

Question 25

Parental route

Answer 25

non-oral; does not have to do with the GI tract

Question 26

transdermal route

Answer 26

delivered across the skin

Question 27

transmucousal route

Answer 27

intranasal, buccal, rectal, sublingual

Question 28

adjuvant analgesic therapy

Answer 28

primary indication OTHER THAN pain but can still have analgesic properties in some cases

Question 29

tolerance

Answer 29

decrease in response to a drug that is used repeatedly

Question 30

Dependence

Answer 30

when a person stops using a drug they go through “withdrawal”

Question 31

Addiction

Answer 31

a disease that arises from taking drugs repeatedly & essentially can’t stop