class 5 Flashcards
when did the Atlantic slave trade start?
Began in the 1440s until the 1800s, with Antao Goncalves for Potugakès Prince Henry, The Navigator
how many people were affected?
Approximately, 36 million Africans were affected (12 million by slavery, 12 million were killed during the trips, and 12 million enslaved by Arabs and Asians)
Later on, the British, French, Dutch, and Spanish got involved in the slave trade and they created the Triangular trade or the Atlantic Slave Trade
what is encomienda?
put in charge legal institution by which the Spanish gov gave the title to Spanish conquerors and settlers with the task of Christianizing Indigenous in which they would become slaves
why did the colonizers choose the carribean?
similar to African climate
explain in consideration to latin america
Completely arbitrarily, the Pope Alexander VI formulated a Papal Bull in 1494. Pope Alexander VI separated the world in two between the Spanish and Portugal (responsible of Christianizing was divided between the Portuguese and Spanish crowns)
It was the basic document for the Treaty of Tordesillas
At least in some parts of Latin America, colonialism was possible with the aid of conquered peoples.
what is papal bull?
by law or regulation, by royal decree
what were the consequences to slave trades?
- Africa had no population growth in the 1800s (losing too many people due to the slave trade)
- enormous loss of labor and talent
- deepened the internal divisions
- also impacted Latin America and the Caribbean (mainly regions of tropical weather)
- the transfer of wealth from the colony to the Metropole
- some metropoles charged ‘administrative fees’
- for the Russian leader, Vladimir Lenin, the West exhausted the capitalistic system and made it impossible to continue to grow
according to Acemoglu ans Robinson, what is the vicious cycle?
unequal political power, unequal wealth distribution, and slow economic growth
what did LDCs inherit with the slave trade and colonization?
articial and problematic borders, created interethnic conflicts and imposed a self-destruction system
how much can really be attributed to colonialism?
- already in technological disadvantage?? (Aztecs)
- would the LDCs be developed by now without colonialism?
- For peter bauer, in many cases, the administrative costs of the Metropoles were so low, that had little to no impact to colonies
- For Niall Ferguson, Imperialism actually helped the South to develop faster
- In some cases, women improved their conditions (socolow)
- in other cases, the phenomena was semi-colonisation, through influence and convergence. although they werent directly impacted they suffered the consequences western POV
how to explain that nationalism led to independence?
independence started because the idea of nationhood was built, wouldn’t be possible to abandon without nationhood
what is post-colonialism?
multidisciplinary enterprise that aimed to critique the direct and indirect effects of colonialism and its aftermath. It highlights the inherent injustices of colonial systems and the manifestations of ‘neo-colonialism’ in the present
who is the key author in post-colonialism?
Edward Said
