class 3

Question 1

define naturalistic theory

Answer 1

natural kingdom in natural eco cosmos like the society does. society will build up to develop itself

Question 2

what is the synonym of modernization?

Answer 2

developmentalism

Question 3

who is gabriel almond?

Answer 3

a classic modern theorist

Question 4

what are gabriel almond’s four classic inputs on modernization?

Answer 4

a. socialization: how we socialize of all agents civilians, government agents, etc.
b. recruitment: proper recruitement in institution
c. articulation of interests:you need to know what you want as a country and your main objectives, final goals, helps to build up your institutions and your country
d. aggregation of interests: summing up interests and putting them to use (supplying and creating)

Question 5

what are gabriel alomond’s three classic outputs on modernization?

Answer 5

a) rule-making (legislative power or processes on rule-making within public admin)
b) rule implementation (job of PM, cabinet, presidents, ministers is basic function of public administration)
c) rule adjudication (judges must rule according to the law and constitution to make a specific intervention, etc.) also creating the law by president or case law

Question 6

what term, according to Almond is both in outputs and inputs and why?

Answer 6

political communication: how institutions learn about theur needs and the output is how they make it.

Question 7

what are the five political capabilities? (dress)

Answer 7

1) extractive → how well you use your natural ressources eg. mining industry, water, energy, nuclear energies
2) regulative → rule making and decision making, how stable is your legal system and rule/decision making capacity
3) distributive → how well do you distribute wealth? social programs, economical health for seniors, children , tax breaks, lower brackets in taxation
4) symbolic→ certain symbols that represent your state eg. maple leaf for canada or a flag (not same impact) some are cultural eg brazil is football, argentina is messi
5) responsive→ how well the society responds to all the intake from the institutions

Question 8

what are four main problems regarding the political capabilities?

Answer 8

state building→ for most countries, its a continuous process.
nation building → creation of a nation hood
participation → big problem regarding political involvement and political maturity. not very politcally engaged wave length effect. community involvement
distribution → distribution of goods and communities, public utilities or wealth, etc.

Question 9

explain marxism related to development

Answer 9

Harsh capitalism created progress but also led to unemployment, economic problems, and low wages. The struggle between classes will bring socialism, where the government will guide economic growth. Over time, the government’s role will no longer be needed.

Question 10

explain the dependency theory

Answer 10

• dev in latin america
• influenced by marxism
• development should be a mixture of free market and state capitalism
• in political theory: former colonies may continue to be dependent. dependency is unavoidable, so we must learn to work with it eg, members of the commonwealth

Question 11

explain core countries, semi-peripheral countries, and peripheral countries

Answer 11

core countries (former colonizers, strong dev countries or metropoles) → semi-peripheral countries (the developing countries ) → peripheral countries (former colonies and highly dependent on the metropole)

Question 12

explain 3rd world and african socialism according to micheal f. lotchie (1994)

Answer 12

• industrialization through import substitution (don’t import anymore, you just create for yourself)
• protectionism (you set up a way legal, political, and social means to protect your own industries, )
• fixed exchange rates (move by a series of different factors with little to no to do with gov, its related markets) official market, black market or blue market (private exchange rates)
• development of state-owned companies
• government control on agricultural prizes (also in the global north eg. the 1950s and 1960s in the US)

Question 13

explain the variation of african socialism

Answer 13

build up to familyhood, closer identity, brotherhood
Model of African Socialism

Question 14

explain the grassroot development

Answer 14

• bottom-up approach compared to top-down
• not from organizations or government but help from among themselves (creation of micro-banking) * Change of responsibility

Question 15

who created micro-banking

Answer 15

Muhammad Yunus

Question 16

explain sustainable development

Answer 16

largely unconcerned with protecting the environment and natural resources. It advocates that development could be achieved by factoring environment and recognizing the limits of natural resources

Question 17

explain the feminist approach

Answer 17

concerned with inequality, poverty, and growth regarding gender disparities

Question 18

explain the globalization theory

Answer 18

It highlights the fast-paced communication and economic integration that goes beyond national borders, creating a global social-economic system. We’re seeing truly mixed cultures (Pieterse) and more global social classes, along with a renewed focus on local and national identities