class 4

Question 1

what are the factors that influenced development?

Answer 1

• Values of leaders and citizens
• Natural resources and natural disasters (if a country has a lot of natural resources the possibilities to grow are amazing)
• International and regional economic environment
• Population
• Education and Health care
• Political instability
• Corruption

Question 2

what are the biggest issues regarding development?

Answer 2

• democracy
• relation between politics and economic development
• peace, stability, security vs. conflict and risk

Question 3

what are the three ‘G’s related to colonialism?

Answer 3

gold, glory, god

Question 4

why did colonialism start?

Answer 4

Money (main thing), commerce and trade routes… and depending of the colonizer eg. Belgium, UK and Netherlands were extremely ferocious.

Question 5

who is Cecil Rhodes?

Answer 5

british politician, and representative in sub-Sahara
dumping grounds → imperialistic step of colonization

Question 6

what does the abuja proclamation cite?

Answer 6

the damage sustained by African peoples is not a ‘thing from the past’ but is painfully manifested in the damaged lives of contemporary Africans from Harlem to Harare, in the damaged economies of the Black World from Guinea to Guyana, and from Somalia to Surinam. (seeking reparation)

Question 7

what are five differences between imperialism and colonialism?

Answer 7

imperalism:
a. suppression of national sovereignty (formally or informally) eg. assimilation, military force, economic imperialism eg. Panama
b. could be implicit or concealed
c. not violently explicit
d. rarely happens and is more likely to produce a migration phenomenon
e. not always about natural resources could be geostrategic or military interests eg. Guantanamo base is the sole communist country in Latin america there is a US government torture base
colonialism:
- a more specific form of suppression of a region
- is explicit
- violence is an exercise with relative freedom
- colonizers settling in the region
- the main reason is to exploit the colonized region

Question 8

explain the four distinct eras of colonial expansion

Answer 8

a. Iberian Expansion (Latin AM) from 1492-1530s. colonizers were Portugal and Spain and declonized between 1810-1820s
b. Chartered trading corporations (Asia and Africa) 1600s-1770s. colonizers. dutch, British and decolonized 1940s
c. scramble for Africa (sub-saharan and north Africa) 1880-1914. colonizers British, french, germans, Belgium decolonized 1957-1970s
d. partition of ottoman empire (middle east) 1918-1922 colonized by great britain and franc and decolonized 1932-1948

Question 9

exceptions to decolonization

Answer 9

• china → invaded by Japan (china was colonized and a colonizer at the same time)
• Algeria and indo-china (Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam) → former French colonies
• Philippines, cuba (form of dependency with US) and Dominican Republic → spanish territories
• US imperialism presented in Cuba among other countries

Question 10

clear facts

Answer 10

colonialism dates to early expansionist civilizations (selon some researchers that don’t believe in big bad colonizers)
revolutionize culture, demography, economics and politics
metropole was the authority over the colony
colonial conquest aimed to secure trade in precious metals, consumer goods, raw material…
transformed the demography through race and race relations, with settler colonies and non-settler colonies as bureaucratic units
uniformed religion and language