class 3,4,5 Flashcards
what is a research problem
current significant area of concern
(arises from a condition, issue of subject area that is poorly understood)
sources of research problems
nursing practice
researcher & peer interaction
literature review
theory
research priorities (CIHR provides funding)
study significance is based on:
-practice
-policy
-education
-research
The significance of a study is based on:
-impacts nursing practice or education
-builds on previous research
-promotes theory testing or development
-addresses current concerns or priorities in nursing
what is a problem statement
a statement justifying the need for the study
-fills a knowledge gap
-clairifies previous conflicting findings
-involving a group/population not previously studied
key phrases for problem statements
“little is know about…”
findings of previous studies are conflicting
few studies of this nature have been done
characteristics of a good problem statement
-articulates what is problematic; points to what needs to be known
-clearly identifies variables of interest
-specifies the population
-suggests the research method/tradition
what is a purpose statement
a statement describing what the study aims to achieve
-establishes direction of inquiry
-represents the substance of the study
-flows from the research problem
-should be very clear
key phrases for study purpose
-describe …
-determine differences between …
-examine lived experiences of …
-determine the effect of …
study purpose for quantitative studies follows:
PICO
P-population of interest
I-intervention of influence
C-comparison
O-outcome
study purpose for qualitative studies
-nature of inquiry
-key concept or phenomenon
-group, community, or setting studied
feasibility of a study is determined by
-time commitment
-financial commitment
-researchers expertise
-availability of participants, facilities, equipment
-ethical considerations
what is a research question
interrogation statements that focus on what variables or concepts are to be described (and what relationships might exist among them)
-arise form research problem
-similar to purpose statement
-deisgned in terms of varibles/concepts of interest
what is a research objective
declarative statements which focus on identifying or describing variables or concepts and sometimes on relationships among variables
-breaks down purpose into steps
-can be posed as a question or statement
what are variables of a study
-qualities, properties, or characteristics of persons, things, or situations that are manipulated or measured in research
5 different types of variables
independent
dependent
research variables or concepts
extraneous variables
demographic variables
conceptual definition of operationalizing variables
the abstract meaning of a variable that usually is based on theory
operational definition of operationalizing variables
a way of defining a variable that makes it measurable in the real world
emotion focused coping (EFC) conceptual definition
the effort to control emotions triggered by stress
hypothesis are only in ____ research
quantitative
hypothesis definition
formal statements of the expected relationships among variables
4 characteristics of hypothesis
simple vs complex
nondirectional vs directional
associative vs causal
statistical (null) vs research
simple vs complex hypothesis
simple has 2 variables (A will effect B)
complex has more than 2 variables (A and B will effect C)
directional vs nondirectional hypothesis
Directional: predicts the nature of relationship between variables( increased sleep improves energy)
non-directional: does not direct nature between relationship (sleep impacts energy, does not say pos or neg)
causal vs associative hypothesis
causal: cause and effect relationship (A results in B)
associative: predicts a relationship but no cause specified (A is associated with B)
research vs null hypothesis
research: states what researcher thinks is true
null: states no difference or relationship exists, statistical hypothesis aka states the opposite they think will happen(we must reject the null to be correct)
