Class 18 Flashcards
Q10. Describe a gliding joint.
Also called a planar joint. articulated surfaces are flat or slightly curved; back and forth, and side to side movements.
Q10. A ___________ joint is where a rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament.
pivot
Q10. A condyloid joint created the yes or the no head movement.
yes
Q10. A forceful wrenching of joints, joint/ligament unit, is called a ______.
sprain
Q10. A hinge joint and a pivot joint are 2 types of ___________ joints.
uniaxial (monaxial)
Q10. A majority of joints between bones in the _____________ skeleton are synovial joints.
appendicular
Q10. a small, cushion-like sacs (purses) filled with synovial fluid, found between moving parts (shoulder, knees, elbow) are called __________.
bursa
Q10. An acute or chronic inflammation of a bursa is called ___________, usually caused by irritation from repeated, excessive exertion of a joint.
bursitis
Q10. Define biaxial.
2 axes, 2 planes
Q10. Define menisci.
pads of fibrocartilage that lie between the articular surfaces of the bones and are attached to the fibrous capsule.
Q10. Define multiaxial (triaxial).
3 or more axes and 3 or more planes
Q10. Define uniaxial (or monaxial).
one axis, one plane
Q10. Describe a ball and socket joint.
our most moveable joints; consists of the ball-like surface of one bone fitting into a cuplike depression of another bone, permitting movements around 3 axes, flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and rotation.
Q10. Describe a condyloid (ellipsoidal) joint.
the convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into the oval-shaped depression of another bone, and permits movement around 2 axes.
Q10. Describe a dislocation.
when the bone is pulled out, or displaced, from the socket
Q10. Describe a hinge joint.
permit only back and forth movement (flexion and extension)
Q10. Describe a saddle joint.
the articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, and the articular surface of the other bone fits into the “saddle” as a sitting rider would.
Q10. Describe a tendon sheath.
tubelike bursae that wrap around tendons which experience considerable friction.
Q10. Describe the articular capsule of the knee joint (tibiofemoral joint).
no complete, independent capsule unites the bones. the ligamentous sheath surrounding the joint consists mostly of muscle tendons or their expansions.
Q10. Describe the attachment of skeletal muscle to bone.
muscle attached to bone via tendons which starts as endomysium, through perimysium, and epimysium, through the main tendon into the periosteum, and within the bone tissue itself
Q10. Describe the structure of bursae.
saclike structures that resemble joint capsules because they consist of connective tissue lined by a synovial membrane, filled with a small amount of synovial fluid.
Q10. Describe the structure of synovial joints.
the joint capsule (articular capsule) made up of 2 layers, outer fibrous membrane and inner synovial membrane; articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage); joint (synovial) cavity; ligaments; menisci
Q10. Does a pivot joint create the yes or the no head movement?
no
Q10. Give an example of a ball and socket joint.
shoulders, hips
Q10. Give an example of a saddle joint.
in the thumb, between the metacarpal and the trapezium of the carpus.
Q10. Give an example of the condyloid joint.
occiput/atlas and radius/carpals
Q10. Give examples of a gliding joint.
between carpal bones at the wrists; between tarsal bones at the ankle
Q10. Give some examples of hinge joints.
elbow, knee
Q10. Give some examples of the pivot joint.
atlantoaxial (C1/C2), and proximal radius/ulna
Q10. Name 3 major synovial (diarthrotic) joints.
shoulder, hip, knee
Q10. Name the 3 major synovial joints.
glenohumeral (shoulder), acetabulofemoral (hip), tibiofemoral (knee)
Q10. Name the 6 types of synovial joints.
hinge, pivot, saddle, condyloid, ball and socket, gliding (planar)
Q10. Slightly moveable is what functional classification of joints?
amphiarthrosis
Q10. strong, rounded ligament on the lateral surface of the joint that extends from the lateral condyle of the femur to the lateral side of the head of the fibula
the fibular (or lateral) collateral ligament
Q10. Synovial joints are all classified funtionally as _____________, which means they are freely moveable.
diarthroses
Q10. The _____________________ (hip joint) ball and socket joint is more stable and less moveable than the shoulder joint.
acetabulofemoral
Q10. The ball & socket joint and the gliding joint are the 2 types of __________ joints.
multiaxial (triaxial)
Q10. The broad, flat ligament on the medial surface of the joint that extends from the medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia.
the tibial (or medial) collateral ligament
Q10. The fibers of some fibrous membranes are arranged in parallel bundles that are highly adapted for resisting strains. Such fiber bundles are called ___________.
ligaments
Q10. The largest and most complex joint of the body, actually a modified hinge joint consisting of 3 joints within a single synovial cavity, is the ______ joint.
knee
Q10. The layer of hyaline cartilage covering the bones at a synovial joint is called what?
articular cartilage
Q10. The most mobile, most numerous, and most complex joints are ______________.
synovial joints
Q10. The saddle joint and the condyloid joint are the 2 types of _________ joints.
biaxial
Q10. The strength of ligaments is one of of the principle mechanical factors that holds ________ close together in a synovial joint.
bones
Q10. The unique characteristic of a synovial joint is the presence of a space called the __________ __________ between articulating bones.
synovial cavity
Q10. What are 3 types of synovial joints?
uniaxial (monaxial), biaxial, multiaxial (triaxial)
Q10. What are factors affecting contact and range of motion at synovial joints?
whether it is a uniaxial, biaxial or multiaxial joint; excercise; regular stretching; diet
Q10. What are the 2 layers of the joint capsule (or the articular capsule)?
outer fibrous membrane,inner synovial membrane
Q10. What are the 2 menisci of the knee called?
medial meniscus and lateral meniscus
Q10. What are the anatomical components of the shoulder joint?
articular capsule; coracohumeral ligament; glenohumeral ligaments; transverse humeral ligament; glenoid labrum; bursae
Q10. What are the menisci of thee knee?
2 fibrocartilage discs between the tibial and femoral condyles that help compensate for the irregular shapes of the bones and circulate synovial fluid.
Q10. What does a tendon do?
attach muscle to bone
Q10. What does the outer fibrous membrane of the joint capsule usually consist of?
dense, irregular connective tissue (mostly collagen fibers)
Q10. What is another name for dislocation?
luxation
Q10. What is another name for menisci?
articular discs
Q10. What is another name for the articular discs?
menisci
Q10. What is another name for the knee joint?
tibiofemoral joint
Q10. What is distinctive about the glenohumeral (shoulder) ball and socket joint?
its more moveable and less stable than hip joint.
Q10. What is significant about the he knee joint?
it is the least stable; and the main brunt barer
Q10. What is subluxation?
partial dislocation
Q10. What is synarthroses?
functional classification of joints: immovable
Q10. What is the ACL?
anterior cruciate ligament
Q10. What is the difference between a strain and a sprain?
SPRAIN: joint/ligament unitSTRAIN: muscle/tendon unit
Q10. What is the function of a bursa?
makes movement easier by alleviating friction in some joints
Q10. What is the function of the ACL?
limits hyper-extension of the knee and prevents the anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur.
Q10. What is the function of the articular cartilage?
reduces friction between bones in the joint during movement and helps to absorb shock.
Q10. What is the function of the PCL?
prevents the posterior sliding of the tibia on the femur, especially when the knee is flexed. This is very important when walking down stairs or a steep incline.
Q10. What is the inner synovial membrane composed of?
areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers
Q10. What is the most common dislocated joint?
shoulder, because the socket is quite shallow and the bones are held together mainly by supporting muscles.
Q10. What is the patellar ligament?
continuation of the common tendon of insertion of the quadriceps femoris muscle that EXTENDS FROM THE PATELLA TO THE TIBIAL TUBEROSITY.
Q10. What is the PCL?
posterior cruciate ligament
Q10. What is unique about a saddle joint?
ONLY 1 in each thumb. (metacarpal/trapezium), gives us opposable thumbs and the ability to grasp objects.
Q10. What type of tendon is broad and flat?
aponeurosis
Q10. Where are the menisci of the knee located
between the tibial and femoral condyles
Q10. Where is the anterior cruciate ligament?
extends posteriorly and laterally from a point anterior to the intercondylar area of the tibia to the posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur
Q10. Where is the PCL located?
extends anteriorly and medially from a depression on the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia and lateral meniscus to the anterior part of the lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur.
