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A & P 1 > Class 18 > Flashcards

Class 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Q10. Describe a gliding joint.

A

Also called a planar joint. articulated surfaces are flat or slightly curved; back and forth, and side to side movements.

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2
Q

Q10. A ___________ joint is where a rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament.

A

pivot

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3
Q

Q10. A condyloid joint created the yes or the no head movement.

A

yes

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4
Q

Q10. A forceful wrenching of joints, joint/ligament unit, is called a ______.

A

sprain

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5
Q

Q10. A hinge joint and a pivot joint are 2 types of ___________ joints.

A

uniaxial (monaxial)

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6
Q

Q10. A majority of joints between bones in the _____________ skeleton are synovial joints.

A

appendicular

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7
Q

Q10. a small, cushion-like sacs (purses) filled with synovial fluid, found between moving parts (shoulder, knees, elbow) are called __________.

A

bursa

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8
Q

Q10. An acute or chronic inflammation of a bursa is called ___________, usually caused by irritation from repeated, excessive exertion of a joint.

A

bursitis

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9
Q

Q10. Define biaxial.

A

2 axes, 2 planes

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10
Q

Q10. Define menisci.

A

pads of fibrocartilage that lie between the articular surfaces of the bones and are attached to the fibrous capsule.

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11
Q

Q10. Define multiaxial (triaxial).

A

3 or more axes and 3 or more planes

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12
Q

Q10. Define uniaxial (or monaxial).

A

one axis, one plane

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13
Q

Q10. Describe a ball and socket joint.

A

our most moveable joints; consists of the ball-like surface of one bone fitting into a cuplike depression of another bone, permitting movements around 3 axes, flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and rotation.

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14
Q

Q10. Describe a condyloid (ellipsoidal) joint.

A

the convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into the oval-shaped depression of another bone, and permits movement around 2 axes.

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15
Q

Q10. Describe a dislocation.

A

when the bone is pulled out, or displaced, from the socket

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16
Q

Q10. Describe a hinge joint.

A

permit only back and forth movement (flexion and extension)

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17
Q

Q10. Describe a saddle joint.

A

the articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, and the articular surface of the other bone fits into the “saddle” as a sitting rider would.

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18
Q

Q10. Describe a tendon sheath.

A

tubelike bursae that wrap around tendons which experience considerable friction.

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19
Q

Q10. Describe the articular capsule of the knee joint (tibiofemoral joint).

A

no complete, independent capsule unites the bones. the ligamentous sheath surrounding the joint consists mostly of muscle tendons or their expansions.

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20
Q

Q10. Describe the attachment of skeletal muscle to bone.

A

muscle attached to bone via tendons which starts as endomysium, through perimysium, and epimysium, through the main tendon into the periosteum, and within the bone tissue itself

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21
Q

Q10. Describe the structure of bursae.

A

saclike structures that resemble joint capsules because they consist of connective tissue lined by a synovial membrane, filled with a small amount of synovial fluid.

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22
Q

Q10. Describe the structure of synovial joints.

A

the joint capsule (articular capsule) made up of 2 layers, outer fibrous membrane and inner synovial membrane; articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage); joint (synovial) cavity; ligaments; menisci

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23
Q

Q10. Does a pivot joint create the yes or the no head movement?

A

no

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24
Q

Q10. Give an example of a ball and socket joint.

A

shoulders, hips

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25
Q

Q10. Give an example of a saddle joint.

A

in the thumb, between the metacarpal and the trapezium of the carpus.

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26
Q

Q10. Give an example of the condyloid joint.

A

occiput/atlas and radius/carpals

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27
Q

Q10. Give examples of a gliding joint.

A

between carpal bones at the wrists; between tarsal bones at the ankle

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28
Q

Q10. Give some examples of hinge joints.

A

elbow, knee

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29
Q

Q10. Give some examples of the pivot joint.

A

atlantoaxial (C1/C2), and proximal radius/ulna

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30
Q

Q10. Name 3 major synovial (diarthrotic) joints.

A

shoulder, hip, knee

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31
Q

Q10. Name the 3 major synovial joints.

A

glenohumeral (shoulder), acetabulofemoral (hip), tibiofemoral (knee)

32
Q

Q10. Name the 6 types of synovial joints.

A

hinge, pivot, saddle, condyloid, ball and socket, gliding (planar)

33
Q

Q10. Slightly moveable is what functional classification of joints?

A

amphiarthrosis

34
Q

Q10. strong, rounded ligament on the lateral surface of the joint that extends from the lateral condyle of the femur to the lateral side of the head of the fibula

A

the fibular (or lateral) collateral ligament

35
Q

Q10. Synovial joints are all classified funtionally as _____________, which means they are freely moveable.

A

diarthroses

36
Q

Q10. The _____________________ (hip joint) ball and socket joint is more stable and less moveable than the shoulder joint.

A

acetabulofemoral

37
Q

Q10. The ball & socket joint and the gliding joint are the 2 types of __________ joints.

A

multiaxial (triaxial)

38
Q

Q10. The broad, flat ligament on the medial surface of the joint that extends from the medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia.

A

the tibial (or medial) collateral ligament

39
Q

Q10. The fibers of some fibrous membranes are arranged in parallel bundles that are highly adapted for resisting strains. Such fiber bundles are called ___________.

A

ligaments

40
Q

Q10. The largest and most complex joint of the body, actually a modified hinge joint consisting of 3 joints within a single synovial cavity, is the ______ joint.

A

knee

41
Q

Q10. The layer of hyaline cartilage covering the bones at a synovial joint is called what?

A

articular cartilage

42
Q

Q10. The most mobile, most numerous, and most complex joints are ______________.

A

synovial joints

43
Q

Q10. The saddle joint and the condyloid joint are the 2 types of _________ joints.

A

biaxial

44
Q

Q10. The strength of ligaments is one of of the principle mechanical factors that holds ________ close together in a synovial joint.

A

bones

45
Q

Q10. The unique characteristic of a synovial joint is the presence of a space called the __________ __________ between articulating bones.

A

synovial cavity

46
Q

Q10. What are 3 types of synovial joints?

A

uniaxial (monaxial), biaxial, multiaxial (triaxial)

47
Q

Q10. What are factors affecting contact and range of motion at synovial joints?

A

whether it is a uniaxial, biaxial or multiaxial joint; excercise; regular stretching; diet

48
Q

Q10. What are the 2 layers of the joint capsule (or the articular capsule)?

A

outer fibrous membrane,inner synovial membrane

49
Q

Q10. What are the 2 menisci of the knee called?

A

medial meniscus and lateral meniscus

50
Q

Q10. What are the anatomical components of the shoulder joint?

A

articular capsule; coracohumeral ligament; glenohumeral ligaments; transverse humeral ligament; glenoid labrum; bursae

51
Q

Q10. What are the menisci of thee knee?

A

2 fibrocartilage discs between the tibial and femoral condyles that help compensate for the irregular shapes of the bones and circulate synovial fluid.

52
Q

Q10. What does a tendon do?

A

attach muscle to bone

53
Q

Q10. What does the outer fibrous membrane of the joint capsule usually consist of?

A

dense, irregular connective tissue (mostly collagen fibers)

54
Q

Q10. What is another name for dislocation?

A

luxation

55
Q

Q10. What is another name for menisci?

A

articular discs

56
Q

Q10. What is another name for the articular discs?

A

menisci

57
Q

Q10. What is another name for the knee joint?

A

tibiofemoral joint

58
Q

Q10. What is distinctive about the glenohumeral (shoulder) ball and socket joint?

A

its more moveable and less stable than hip joint.

59
Q

Q10. What is significant about the he knee joint?

A

it is the least stable; and the main brunt barer

60
Q

Q10. What is subluxation?

A

partial dislocation

61
Q

Q10. What is synarthroses?

A

functional classification of joints: immovable

62
Q

Q10. What is the ACL?

A

anterior cruciate ligament

63
Q

Q10. What is the difference between a strain and a sprain?

A

SPRAIN: joint/ligament unitSTRAIN: muscle/tendon unit

64
Q

Q10. What is the function of a bursa?

A

makes movement easier by alleviating friction in some joints

65
Q

Q10. What is the function of the ACL?

A

limits hyper-extension of the knee and prevents the anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur.

66
Q

Q10. What is the function of the articular cartilage?

A

reduces friction between bones in the joint during movement and helps to absorb shock.

67
Q

Q10. What is the function of the PCL?

A

prevents the posterior sliding of the tibia on the femur, especially when the knee is flexed. This is very important when walking down stairs or a steep incline.

68
Q

Q10. What is the inner synovial membrane composed of?

A

areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers

69
Q

Q10. What is the most common dislocated joint?

A

shoulder, because the socket is quite shallow and the bones are held together mainly by supporting muscles.

70
Q

Q10. What is the patellar ligament?

A

continuation of the common tendon of insertion of the quadriceps femoris muscle that EXTENDS FROM THE PATELLA TO THE TIBIAL TUBEROSITY.

71
Q

Q10. What is the PCL?

A

posterior cruciate ligament

72
Q

Q10. What is unique about a saddle joint?

A

ONLY 1 in each thumb. (metacarpal/trapezium), gives us opposable thumbs and the ability to grasp objects.

73
Q

Q10. What type of tendon is broad and flat?

A

aponeurosis

74
Q

Q10. Where are the menisci of the knee located

A

between the tibial and femoral condyles

75
Q

Q10. Where is the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

extends posteriorly and laterally from a point anterior to the intercondylar area of the tibia to the posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur

76
Q

Q10. Where is the PCL located?

A

extends anteriorly and medially from a depression on the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia and lateral meniscus to the anterior part of the lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur.

A & P 1 (7 decks)

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