Class 17 Flashcards
Q9. What is synarthroses?
(together, joint); IMMOVABLE
Q9. What is teh functional class. of sutures?
synarthroses
Q9. What is teh structural class. of the gomphoses?
fibrous
Q9. What is the central canal of the osteon?
the hollow, longitudinal running canal that houses the blood vessels, lymphs, and nerves for bone.
Q9. What is the diaphysis?
the shaft of the long bone
Q9. What is the disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and susceptibility to fracture?
osteoporosis
Q9. What is the function of compact bone?
to support, to protect, and to resist stress.
Q9. What is the function of spongy bone tissue?
stores RED bone marrow and provides support
Q9. What is the functional class. of gomphoses?
synarthroses
Q9. what is the hard calcified matrix of bone tissue made of?
crystallized mineral salts (50%), collagen fibers (25%), and water (25%)
Q9. What is the interoseous membrane?
the ligament that connects the ulna and radius OR the tibia and fibula. this is considered a JOINT because it connects the two bones.
Q9. What is the matrix of bone tissue?
25% water, 25% collagen fibers, and 50% crystallizated mineral salts
Q9. What is the movement of sutures?
its very subtle (none, according to the text)
Q9. What is the primary hormone involved in regulating blood calcium levels, causing increase in blood calcium levels?
PTH
Q9. What is the structural and functional classifications and movement of synchondroses?
cartilaginous, synthroses, none
Q9. What is yellow bone marrow? Function?
consists mainly of adipose cells, which stores triglycerides, a potential chemical energy reserve.
Q9. What mneumonic is used to remember the classification of joints?
S. A. D. (synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses)
Q9. What purpose does the unique structure of the osteon serve?
permits delivery of nutrients and removal of waste products from metabolically active but imprisoned bone cells?
Q9. What structural classification are sutures?
fibrous
Q9. What type of bone tissue contains few space and forms units called osteons?
compact bone
Q9. What type of cartilaginous joint is the symphyses joint?
fibrocartilage
Q9. What type of cartilaginous joint is the synchondroses joint?
hyaline cartilage
Q9. What type of cell does cartilage contain?
just one type; chondrocyte
Q9. What type of connective tissue contains fibroblasts (fiber-producing cells)?
dense fibrous connective tissue
Q9. What type of connective tissue is cartilage?
skeletal connective tissue
Q9. What type of tissue is bone tissue?
connective tissue
Q9. When a cell name ends in “-cytes”, what does that mean in regards to its function in the tissue? (in all types of tissue.)
it maintains the tissue
Q9. Where do all symphyses joint occur?
in the midline of the body
Q9. Where is elastic cartilage found?
in the external ear, larynx (voice box), epiglottis.
Q9. Where is fibrocartilage found?
shock absorbers found between vertebrae at disk, in knee joint, pubic symphysis
Q9. Where is hyaline cartilage found?
support rings of respiratory tubes, and ENDS OF LONG BONES (ARTICULATING SURFACES); within the joint cavity
Q9. Where is spongy bone tissue found?
most of short, flat, irregular bones, the epiphysis of long bones, and is deep to the compact bone of the diaphysis (near the medullary cavity).
Q9. Which bone cells initiate the process of calcification?
osteoblasts, the bone-building cells
Q9. Which classification of joint is freely moveable?
diarthroses
Q9. Which classification of joint is immovable?
synarthrosis (syn = together, arth = joint)
Q9. Which classification of joint is slightly movable?
amphiarthroses
Q9. describe “fibrocartilaginous callus formation”
fibroblasts from the periosteum invade the fracture site and produce collagen fibers. also, cells from the periosteum develop into chondroblasts and begin to produce fibrocartilage in this region. these events lead to the development of the fibrocartilaginous callus. this takes about 3 weeks.
Q9. describe “formation of fracture hematoma”
blood vessels crossing the fracture are broken… as blood leaks from the torn ends of the vessels, it forms a clot around the site of the fracture. this clot is called fracture hemotoma…. usually forms 6 to 8 hours after injury. osteoclasts begin to remove the dead or damaged tissue in and around the fracture hemotoma, which may last up to several weeks.
Q9. What are the main types of fractures we should know?
open (compound), closed (simple), comminuted, greenstick, impacted, pott’s fracture, colles’ fracture, (and stress fracture)
Q9. What is an example of a suture joint?
cranial bones
Q9.What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?
synchondroses, symphyses
Q9. All EXTENSORS attach to ___________ epicondyle of the humerous.
lateral
Q9. All FLEXORS attach the __________ epicondyle of the humerous.
medial
Q9. Which bone cell undergoes mitosis?
osteogenic cell
Q9. Which cell maintains the matrix of cartilage?
chondrocyte
Q9. Which type of cartilage has a high collagen content?
fibrocartilage
