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A & P 1 > Class 14 > Flashcards

Class 14 Flashcards

1
Q

R How many joints does the FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS cross?

A

2, wrist, elbow

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2
Q

R. ____________ are the structures in the body that have some specific function, and are made of of 2 or more tissues.

A

organs

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3
Q

R. _______________ are the bone cells that breakdown bone to release minerals.

A

osteoclasts

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4
Q

R. ________________ is an abnormal increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, often associated with cancer.

A

hyperplasia

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5
Q

R. 3 types of connective tissue coverings of skeletal muscle (deep fascia) are

A

epimysium, perimysium & endomysium

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6
Q

R. A _________ is a subjective change in the body function not apparent to an observer, such as pain or nausea, that indicated the presence of a dis-ease.

A

symptom

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7
Q

R. A _________ is objective evidence of disease that can be observed or measured; seen.

A

sign

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8
Q

R. A collection of similar cells and extracellular matrix is called ______________.

A

tissue

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9
Q

R. A single motor neuron and the fibers it stimulates is referred to a __________ ____________.

A

motor unit.

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10
Q

R. ADduction of humerus at shoulder is an action of what muscle

A

Latissimus dorsi

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11
Q

R. Aging and joints: With aging, a _______________ in synovial fluid, thinning of _____________ _____________, and decreased _______________ of ligaments occur.

A

decrease, articular cartilage, flexibility

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12
Q

R. All FLEXORS run diagonally on the anterior ____________, and proximally attach to the ___________ epicondyle of humerus.

A

forearm, medial

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13
Q

R. All the systems functioning together make of the ________________ level of organization

A

organism

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14
Q

R. An ____________ is one of the 4 types of bone cells and its function as a mature bone cell is to maintain bone tissue.

A

osteocyte

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15
Q

R. An ____________ is to a cell what an organ is to your body.

A

organelle

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16
Q

R. An increase of cell size without cell division is called _______________.

A

hypertrophy

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17
Q

R. Anatomy is the study of_______?

A

the STRUCTURE of the human body

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18
Q

R. Atoms and molecules are a part of the ______________ level of organization, and are considered the basic building blocks of life.

A

chemical

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19
Q

R. Beneath the dermis lies a loose ________________ layer, rich in fat and areolar tissue. This is called the __________________.

A

subcutaneous, hypodermis

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20
Q

R. Cerumen is another name for ______

A

earwax

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21
Q

R. Collagen fibers are part of the matrix of bone? True or False

A

TRUE

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22
Q

R. Define a symphysis.

A

a cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but the bones are connected by a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage

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23
Q

R. Define bilateral.

A

both sides

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24
Q

R. Define contralateral.

A

opposite side

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25
Q

R. Depression of the scapula is and action of ___

A

lower trapezius

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26
Q

R. Describe cardiac muscle tissue: location, texture, movement.

A

heart, striated, involuntary

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27
Q

R. Describe skeletal muscle tissue: location, texture, movement.

A

attached to skeleton, striated, voluntary

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28
Q

R. Describe smooth muscle tissue: location, texture, movement.

A

tubes and hollow organs, smooth, involuntary

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29
Q

R. Distal attachment of DELTOID

A

All distally attach to the DELTOID tuberosity of the humerous.

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30
Q

R. Distal attachment of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS?

A

base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

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31
Q

R. Elevation and upward rotation of the shoulder girdle are actions of what muscle

A

upper trapezius

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32
Q

R. Fewer muscle fibers in a motor unit means ________ precise movements.

A

more

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33
Q

R. Give an example of a symphysis

A

pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints, junction of manubrium/sternum

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34
Q

R. Give an example of a syndesmoses joint.

A

interosseus membrane (ligament) tibia/fibula, radius/ulna

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35
Q

R. Go to page 67 in TG to see a pic of DELTOID.

A

you rock =)

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36
Q

R. How do the 3 communicating networks work together?

A

the skin and fascia of the fascial/fibrous network are filled with sensory receptors and other nerves (neural net) and detect information which it conveys to the muscles (to contract, move, pull on the bones), which cause chemicals to be released into the fluid network.

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37
Q

R. How many actions does Latissimus dorsi have

A

3, ADduction of humerus at shoulder, medial rotation of humerus (hooking a bra) , extension of humerus at shoulder

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38
Q

R. How many actions should we know for DELTOID?

A

7

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39
Q

R. How many bones make up the Appendicular skeleton?

A

126

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40
Q

R. How many sections of the DELTOID are there, and what are they called?

A

3; anterior, middle, posterior

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41
Q

R. How many thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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42
Q

R. How many types of muscle tissue are there?

A

3

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43
Q

R. How may bones total in skeleton?

A

206

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44
Q

R. Ligamentum nuchae (around C6) and spinous processes of C7-T3 [nuchal ligment] is the proximal attachment for which muscle

A

middle trapezius

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45
Q

R. Lower trapezius proximal attachment is where

A

spinous processes of T4-T12

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46
Q

R. Muscular ___________ is a wasting away of muscles. Individual muscle fibers decrease in size because of progressive loss of myofibrils.

A

atrophy

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47
Q

R. Name the 3 body planes we should know.

A

sagital, coronal, transverse

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48
Q

R. Name the components of the Axial skeleton.

A

skull, hyoid, spinal column, ribs

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49
Q

R. Osteocytes are located in the __________ of compact bone.

A

lacanea

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50
Q

R. Physiology is the study of body _____?

A

Body function

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51
Q

R. Posterior medial condyle of tibia is insertion for which muscle

A

semimembranosus

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52
Q

R. Proximal attachment of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

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53
Q

R. Rheumatoid arthritis is an __________ disease.

A

Auto Immune

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54
Q

R. Sebaceous glands produce sebum. What is sebum?

A

Oil

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55
Q

R. See a pic of the MASSETER on page 250 of TG.

A

i just saw a perfect rainbow =)

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56
Q

R. See pic of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS on page 140 - 141.

A

=)

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57
Q

R. Stimulation of one somatic motor neuron causes all the ____________ _____________ in that motor unit to contract at the same time.

A

muscle fibers

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58
Q

R. Sudoriferous glands produce what?

A

sweat, 2 types, eccrine and apocrine

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59
Q

R. Syndesmoses is an example of a ____________ joint type.

A

fibrous

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60
Q

R. The acromion process and spine of the scapula are distal attachment of what muscle

A

middle trapezius

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61
Q

R. The attachments of the MASSETER are described essentially the same way, the distinction is their ____________.

A

depth.

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62
Q

R. The bones of the limbs and girdles make up the ____________ skeleton.

A

appendicular

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63
Q

R. The delicate CT membrane covering around individual and highly specialized skeletal muscle fibers is called the __________

A

endomysium

64
Q

R. The epimysium is a covering around the _____ muscle.

65
Q

R. The external layer of an organ is formed by a ____________ membrane.

66
Q

R. The MASSETER has _____ bellies and _____ heads.

67
Q

R. The MASSETER is the _____________ muscle in the body for its size.

68
Q

R. The matrix of bone is made up of ____ and ____ ______.

A

Fibers (collagen) and ground substance-calcium and phosphate, (also some magnesium, sodium, sulfate and fluoride)

69
Q

R. The origin of the DELTOID is identical to the insertion of the _____________.

70
Q

R. The path of the URINARY SYSTEM: Urine formed by the ___________, passes first into the ____________, then into the ___________ ___________ for storage, and finally through the ___________ for elimination from the body.

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

71
Q

R. The proximal attachment of the entire trapezius muscle runs from the____ to_____

A

EOP to T12 of spinous processes

72
Q

R. The tendon of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS for the distal attachment runs through the ________ _________ and __________ to the flexor retinaculum.

A

carpal tunnel, deep

73
Q

R. There are 11 ____________, and they combine organs to work together in the body.

74
Q

R. Tough connective tissure that envelops muscle fascicle is what?

A

perimysium

75
Q

R. What are the 2 cautions when massaging the MASSETER?

A
  1. paratoid glands; may be infected and painful. don’t assume its just a sensitive masseter2. TMJD; many of the symptoms of TMJD have a soft tissue component, however TMJD may require dental or surgical care.
76
Q

R. What are the 3 actions of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS we should know?

A
  1. wrist flexion2. elbow flexion3. radial deviation (aBduction of wrist)
77
Q

R. What are the 3 actions of Latissimus dorsi

A

ADduction of humerus at shoulder, medial rotation of humerus (hooking a bra) , extension of humerus at shoulder

78
Q

R. What are the 3 communicating networks?

A

fascial (or fibrous), neural, fluid

79
Q

R. What are the 3 layers of deep fascia that form a tendon from deep to superficial?

A

enodmysium, perimysium, epimysium

80
Q

R. What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

cardiac, skeletal, smooth

81
Q

R. What are the 4 components of the URINARY SYSTEM?

A

2 kidneys (right and left), 2 ureters (right and left) , urinary bladder, urethra

82
Q

R. What are the actions of the hamstrings

A

flex the knee and extend the hip

83
Q

R. What are the anterior DELTOID actions?

A
  1. flexion of humerous at shoulder2. medial rotation of humerous at shoulder3. horizontal aDduction
84
Q

R. What are the levels of organization starting with the smallest.

A

chemical, ((organelles)), cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism

85
Q

R. What are the names of the 3 hamstrings

A

biceps femoris, Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus

86
Q

R. What are the posterior DELTOID actions?

A
  1. extension of the humerous at the shoulder2. lateral rotation of the humerous at the shoulder3. horizontal aBduction
87
Q

R. What are the two main types of Nervous tissue cells?

A

neurons (the conducting units) and neuroglia (support and nourish cells)

88
Q

R. What are the wrist bones called?

89
Q

R. What does DELTOID mean?

A

triangle, shaped-like

90
Q

R. What does FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS mean?

A

flexion, wrist, pertaining to the radius

91
Q

R. What does ipsilateral mean?

92
Q

R. What does Latissumus Dorsi mean

A

Latissimus-widest, dorsi-back

93
Q

R. What does MASSETER mean?

94
Q

R. What does the coronal plane divide?

A

into anterior and posterior

95
Q

R. What does the sagittal plane divide?

A

right and left

96
Q

R. What does the transverse plane divide?

A

superior and inferior

97
Q

R. What does Trapezius mean

A

4 sided diamond

98
Q

R. What forms the periosteum?

A

dense IRREGULAR connective tissue

99
Q

R. What is a lateral maleolus?

A

the outer ankles.

100
Q

R. What is a serous membrane?

A

a membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior.

101
Q

R. What is an epiphyseal plate?

A

the layer of hyaline cartilage located in the metaphyses that allows the diaphysis of the bone to grow in length. When bones stop growing in adulthood, the plate is replaced by bone and an epiphyseal line is left.

102
Q

R. What is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and what is it required for?

A

calcium ion, muscle contraction

103
Q

R. What is the action of middle trapezius

A

Retraction of the scapula

104
Q

R. What is the action of the MASSETER we should know?

A

elevation of the mandible (closes jaw)

105
Q

R. What is the action that all 3 sections of the DELTOID do together?

A

aBduct the humerous at the shoulder

106
Q

R. What is the distal attachment for latissimus dorsi

A

medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

107
Q

R. What is the distal attachment of lower trapezius

A

tubercle of the spine of the scapula

108
Q

R. What is the distal attachment of the upper trapezius

A

Lateral third of the clavicle

109
Q

R. What is the function of the sarcomere?

A

the basic CONTRACTILE UNIT of the muscle fiber.

110
Q

R. What is the function of the sarcomere?

A

the basic CONTRACTILE UNIT of the muscle fiber.

111
Q

R. What is the functional classification of the syndesmoses joint?

A

amphiarthroses

112
Q

R. What is the inferior distal attachment for biceps femoris

A

head of the fibula

113
Q

R. What is the insertion of the semitendinosus

A

proximal shaft anterior tibia “ pes anserimus”

114
Q

R. What is the language of the fibrous network?

A

mechanical

115
Q

R. What is the language of the fluid network?

116
Q

R. What is the language of the neural network?

A

electrical

117
Q

R. What is the origin and proximal attachment for Latissimus Dorsi

A

Spinous processes T8 - L5, sacrum and iliac crest (external lip, posterior portion) via the thoracolumbar aponeurosis

118
Q

R. What is the origin of all the hamstrings

A

Ischial tuberosity

119
Q

R. What is the origin of the short head of biceps femoris?

A

Lateral Lip of the Linea aspera of the femur

120
Q

R. What is the peritoneum?

A

the largest serous membrane in the body that lines the wall and covers the organs in the abdominal cavity

121
Q

R. What is the proximal attachment for the semitendinosus and semimembranosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

122
Q

R. What is the proximal attachment for Upper Trapezius

A

Superior nuchal line, EOP, nuchal ligament (strap of connective tissue that crossed C2-C7)

123
Q

R. What is the proximal attachment of the Anterior DELTOID?

A

lateral 1/3 of clavicle (“key”)

124
Q

R. What is the proximal attachment of the Middle DELTOID?

A

Acromium of Scapula (“top of shoulder”)

125
Q

R. What is the proximal attachment of the Posterior DELTOID?

A

Spine of Scapula

126
Q

R. What is the strongest and most durable of the 3 types of cartilage?

A

fibrocartilage

127
Q

R. What makes up the fascial/fibrous network?

A

muscles, bones, skin, hair

128
Q

R. What makes up the fluid network?

A

blood, vessels, lymph

129
Q

R. What makes up the neural network?

A

nervous system

130
Q

R. What movement happens in the coronal plane?

A

aBduction and aDduction

131
Q

R. What movement happens in the sagittal plane?

A

flexion and extension

132
Q

R. What movement happens in the transverse plane?

A

horizontal aBduction and horizontal aDduction

133
Q

R. What type of cartilage is found in symphysis joints, and in the knee joint.

A

fibrocartilage

134
Q

R. Where and what is the mesentery?

A

the membrane that anchors the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall, and is part of the peritoneum

135
Q

R. Where are stem cells located?

A

found in blood and fertilized eggs.

136
Q

R. Where are stem cells located?

A

found in blood and fertilized eggs.

137
Q

R. Where is an epiphyseal plate located?

A

between the diaphysis and epiphysis of the long bone

138
Q

R. Where is serous membrane located?

A

external layer of organs; the membrane that lines the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities.

139
Q

R. Where is the general location of the DELTOID?

A

on the lateral side of the upper arm under the shoulder

140
Q

R. Where is the general location of the FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS?

A

diagonal across the anterior side of the forearm

141
Q

R. Where is the general location of the MASSETER?

A

connecting the cheek bone with the jaw bone

142
Q

R. Where is the insertion of the MASSETER?

A

angle and ramus of the mandible

143
Q

R. Where is the location of red blood cell formation?

A

spongy bone.

144
Q

R. Where is the location of the symphysis?

A

all symphyses occur in the midline of the body.

145
Q

R. Where is the long head of biceps femoris compared to the short head? & where does it originate?

A

Superior, & origin is the Ischial tuberosity

146
Q

R. Where is the origin of the MASSETER?

A

zygomatic arch

147
Q

R. Where is the sarcoplasmic reticulum found?

A

in muscle tissue

148
Q

R. Which hamstring has 2 heads?

A

biceps femoris

149
Q

R. Which muscle is superficial to the other back muscles

150
Q

R. _________ muscle fibers in a motor unit means less precise movements, like in the gastrocs.

A

more (or many)

151
Q

R. A sprain involves what?

A

tear to ligaments

152
Q

R. Define a strain?

A

stretched or partially torn muscle

153
Q

R. Describe the make-up, function and location of both dense regular fibrous connective tissue AND dense irregular fibrous connective tissue.

A

DENSE REGULAR FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE - consists mainly of collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles; fibroblasts present in rows between bundles / provides strong attachment between various structures / forms tendons, most ligaments, and aponeuroses. DENSE IRREGULAR FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE - consists of randomly arranged collagen fibers and a few fibroblasts / provides strength / deep fascia, dermis, scars, and more.

154
Q

R. Osteoarthritis is a ________ disease.

A

Degenerative

155
Q

R. What do “epi”, “peri” and “endo” mean?

A

epi-means upon, peri-means around, endo-means within

A & P 1 (7 decks)

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