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AP 3 > Class 1/2 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Class 1/2 - Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the integumentary system?

A
  • synthesis of vitamin D
  • temperature regulation
  • protection from external environment
  • sensation perception
  • blood reservoir
  • excretion + absorption
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2
Q

What percentage of total blood volume is stored in the integumentary system?

A

8-10%

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3
Q

What percentage of total body weight is the skin?

A

7%

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4
Q

What four types of cells make up the epidermis?

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans)
tactile epithelial cells (Merkel)

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5
Q

What percentage of epidermal cells are keratinocytes?

A

90%

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6
Q

Which cell of the epidermis produces lamellar granules?

A

keratinocytes

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7
Q

Thin skin has _ layers, thick skin has _. Which is missing from thin skin?

A

4, 5

stratum lucidum

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8
Q

Langerhans cells are also called ____ and come from _____.

A

Intraepidermal macrophages

from bone marrow

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9
Q

What is the function of Langerhans cells?

A

recognize invading organisms (immune response)

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10
Q

What is the function of Merkel/tactile epithelial cells?

A

detect touch sensations and relay that information to flattened processes of sensory neurons in the deepest layer of the epidermis

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11
Q

Compare and contrast thick vs. thin skin?

A

thick skin

  • hairless
  • regions of high mechanical stress
  • 5 epidermal layers
  • stratum lucidum
  • dermal ridges present
  • no sebaceous glands
  • more sudoriferous glands

thin skin

  • hairy
  • occurs in most regions of the body
  • 4 epidermal layers
  • no stratum lucidum
  • no dermal ridges
  • fewer sudoriferous glands
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12
Q

In what order of areas does sweating start for thermoregulation, vs. for emotional sweating?

A

thermoregulatory:

  1. forehead and scalp
  2. rest of body
  3. palms and soles

emotional:

  1. palms, soles, axilla
  2. other areas of the body
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13
Q

Where are appocrine sweat glands found?

A

axilla, groin, areola, bearded regions

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14
Q

Describe the consistency of appocrine gland sweat

A

contains lipids and proteins, appears milky/yellowish, creates BO

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15
Q

Hair follicles are found in which layer of the dermis?

A

reticular

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16
Q

The stratum basale is composed of…

A

a single row of keratinocytes
stem cells
melanocytes
Merkel cells

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17
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is transitional between active and dead keratinocytes?

A

stratum granulosum

18
Q

What creates fingerprints?

A

downward projections of the epidermis between dermal papillae

19
Q

The growth stage of the hair cycle is called…

A

anagen

20
Q

The resting stage of the hair cycle is called…

A

telogen

21
Q

List the places sebaceous glands are NOT associated with a hair follicle

A

lips, eyelids, glans penis, labia minora

22
Q

What part(s) of the body do not have sebaceous glands?

A

palms, soles

23
Q

Eccrine glands are most numerous in…

A

the forehead, palms, and soles

24
Q

Deep wound healing involves 4 phases, which are…

A

inflammatory
migratory
proliferative, and
maturation

25
Q

The ABCD of melanoma exams (moles) are…

A

a - asymmetry
b - border irregularity
c - colour
d - diameter

26
Q

Which layer of the skin are langerhans cells found?

A

stratum spinosum of the epidermis

27
Q

Mammary glands are specialized…

A

apocrine (sweat) glands

28
Q

What are the 3 main types of skin cancer?

A

basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma

29
Q

Who is at highest risk of malignant melanomas?

A

people who are fair skinned, burn easily, don’t tan, have freckles and red hair

30
Q

Three things that fingerprints enable the increase of:

A
  1. surface area/friction
  2. number of tactile receptors
  3. contact with blood vessels
31
Q

Where is carotene stored?

A

stratum corneum + fat cells

32
Q

Nails grow from the…

A

matrix

33
Q

Which layer of the skin has 25-30 layers of dead keratinocytes?

A

stratum corneum

34
Q

Which layer of the skin is transitional between active and dead keratinocytes?

A

stratum granulosum

35
Q

Which layer of the skin houses the Langerhans cells?

A

stratum spinosum

36
Q

Which layer of the skin is composed of a single layer of keratinocytes and contains stem cells?

A

stratum basale/germinativum

37
Q

What is found in the papillary layer of the dermis?

A

blood vessels, Meissner’s corpuscles, free nerve endings

38
Q

What is found in the reticular layer of the dermis?

A

collagen fibres, coarse elastic fibres
fibroblasts, adipose cells
hair follicles, nerves, glands

39
Q

At any given time, most hairs on your head are in which stage?

A

anagen

40
Q

Eccrine sweat glands are active in ____

A

thermoregulation

41
Q

Eccrine sweat glands are NOT found in…

A

lips, nail beds, glans penis/clitoris, labia minora, or the tympanic membrane

AP 3 (11 decks)

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