Civil Rights Flashcards
13 amendment
1864 abolished slavery as a legal institution
14 amendment
Was designed to grant citizenship and protect civil liberties of recently freed slaves
15 amendment
1870 protects Rights of citizens to vote regardless of race color or previous condition of slavery
Racism
Deeply rooted prejudice which may be expressed in the idea that one race is superior to another
Jim Crow
Stereotypes African Americans Jim Crow came to personify the system of government sanctioned racial oppression and segregation in the United States
Two examples of Jim Crow laws
Literacy tests
Grandfather clause
Segregation
The separation of races by law in all aspects of society, schools housing restaurants club buses and trains and theaters
De facto segregation
Segregation that exits by practice and custom
De jure segregation
Segregation by law
Plessy v ferguson
Separate but equal facilities and accommodations for black people were constitutional so long as these resources were equal in quality to those provided for the white community
Prejudice
A negative attitude or opinion about a person or group that is based upon gender race color religion etc
Ku klux klan
Originally formed to terrorize and scare blacks
Ingrained in society and government
Lynching
Murder mob violence without due process of the law
Who worked with NAACP
Thur good Marshall, worked to overturn older court rulings on segregation like brown v board
NAACP
National association for the advancement of colored people
Civil rights organization
Worked to end discrimination against blacks and other minority groups
Brown v board
Denied legal basis for segregation in schools but with all deliberate speed
Integration
Removing all barriers and placing all groups of people together
Executive order
Rule or order issued by an executive branch of gov and carrying the force of law (president)
Little Rock nine
Nine black children supposed to be allowed to attend all white school
Faced huge racism and had to be escorted by national guard
Martin Luther king achievements
Montgomery bus boycott
Nobel peace prize
March on Washington
Civil disobedience
A refusal to deal with an individual organization or business
Sit ins
An act of occupying seats in a racially segregated establishment in organized protest against discrimination
SCLC
Southern Christian leadership council
Nonviolent crusades
Martin Luther king
SNCC
Student nonviolent coordinating committee
Boycotts and sit ins
Malcom x voice of
Muslim brotherhood
Malcolm’s ideology
Believed blacks should stand up and fight for their freedom. Black nationalism
Violence necessary
Stokely Carmichael
Black power movement
SNCC
Advocated ideas of black power, to embrace heritage build communities and lead their own organizations
Black panthers
New militant political party called the black panthers was formed, lead communities
Demand gov rebuild ghettos
Who achieved the legislation
Martin Luther king
How was Martin killed
Shot outside hotel in Tennessee 1968
Malcolm x killed
Tension between Malcom and Islam
Shot 16 times during speech in 1965
MLK day
January 15
1964 civil rights act
Banning segregation in public facilities as well as racial discrimination in employment and education
Voting rights act of 1965
Ends discriminatory voting practices
Braceros
Mexican Americans
Mexican Americans came after
Mexican revolution 1900
Puerto Roxana came after
Spanish American war
Cubans came
Fled castros gov and formed in NJ NYC
Cesar Chavez
Believe in non violence with dealing with California’s large fruit and vegetable companies (boycotts and fasts)
Who formed the United farm workers organizing communities
Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta
Chicano movement
Brown power and brown berets demand Spanish speaking classes and Chicano studies programs at universities
Native Americans suffer
Unemployment
Alcoholism
Infant mortality
Suicides
Declaration of the Indian purpose
1961
Reps from 61 tribes created it
Who established the national council on Indian opportunity
LBJ
AIM
American Indian movement formed to demand land, burial grounds,!fishing, timber rights and respect for culture
Thur good Marshall
First African American Supreme Court justice
Freedom riders
Civil rights activists that went on bus trips to test ruling on no segregation on buses
James Meredith
Won court case to enroll in ole miss but governor wouldn’t let him register
Voting rights act of 1965
Eliminated so called literacy tests
What followed voting rights act of 1965
Violent rioting
Civil rights act of 1968
End discrimination in housing
Goal of great society
End poverty and racial injustice
Warren court
Pregessive liberal reforms
Miranda v Arizona
Supreme Court criminals be presented with their rights upon request and prior or any questioning
Gideon v wainwright
Cost of attorney all courts required to provide free legal counsel to any who can’t afford it
Impacts of great society
Spurred economic growth
Increased federal debt
Conservative backlash
Decreased poverty
LBJ
President Great society Poverty Education Immigration Environment
Economic opportunity act
Money for youth programs anti poverty measures
Medicare
Hospital insurance and low cost medical insurance for 65 or older
Medicaid
Health insurance to welfare recipients
Immigration act of 1965
Opened the door for many non European immigrants
