CItric Acid Cycle

Question 1

products of conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

Answer 1

2 NADH are formed

Question 2

where does the conversion of pryuvate into acetyl COA

Answer 2

inside the mitocondria

Question 3

WHERE DOES THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE OCCUR? WHERE DOES OXIDATION PHOSPHORYLATION OCCUR?

Answer 3

BOTH INSIDE THE MITOCONDRIA

Question 4

eukaryotic cells without mitocondria

Answer 4

mature erhytocytes

Question 5

3 examples of cells with high energy needs that have a lot of mitocondria as a result

Answer 5

heart for contraction

kidney for transport

liver for biosynthesis

Question 6

In ____ cells, mitochondria account for up to 20% of the total protein.

Answer 6

liver

Question 7

The citric acid cycle occurs in the ___ of the mitocondria

Answer 7

matrix

Question 8

where are oxidative phosphorylation enzymes?

Answer 8

embedded in the inner membrane facing the matrix.

Question 9

traffic between the cytoplasm and matrix space is controlled by specific transport systems, except for

Answer 9

O2 and CO, which diffuse through

Question 10

functions of the citric acid cycle (3)

Answer 10

A. Converts a number of different fuels to a common mobile fuel (NADH).
B. Serves as the final meeting place of nearly all oxidizable substrates.
C. Provides intermediates for biosynthesis.

Question 11

Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA

first step? what is the prosthetic group?

Answer 11

Condensation and decarboxylation by pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1)

prosthetic group – TPP (thiamine b1)

Question 12

Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA

second step? what is the prosthetic group?

Answer 12

Oxidative transfer by dihydrolipoyl transacetylase

prosthetic group – lipoamide

Question 13

Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA

third step? what is the prosthetic group?

Answer 13

Transacetylation by dihydrolipoyl transacetylase

prosthetic group – lipoamide

Question 14

Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA

fourth step? what is the prosthetic group?

Answer 14

Oxidation of dihydrolipoamide by dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase

Prosthetic group: FAD

Question 15

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex has multiple

Answer 15

Multiple Lipoamides/E2

Question 16

In the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Dihydrolipoamide

Answer 16

______ is the site of action of arsenite poisoning

Question 17

Importance of Lipoamide as a Swinging Arm in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex:

Answer 17

Kinetics are fast

Question 18

___ groups are not going on and off an ezyme, are always there

Answer 18

prosthetic

Question 19

Acetyl CoA + oxaloacetate + H2O —> ____

by citrate synthetase

Answer 19

citrate + CoA + H+

Question 20

important feature of this step?

Answer 20

The hydrolysis step has a ΔG°ʹ′ = -7.5 kcal/mol. Wasteful?

Question 21

Acetyl CoA + oxaloacetate + H2O → citrate + CoA + H+

enzyme?

Answer 21

Citrate synthetase

Question 22

Acetyl CoA + oxaloacetate + H2O → citrate + CoA + H+

rxn type?

Answer 22

condensation/hydrolysis

Question 23

Citrate —>

with aconitase

Answer 23

cis-aconitate + H2O

Question 24

Citrate  cis-aconitate + H2O

enzyme?

Answer 24

Aconitase

Question 25

Citrate ----\> cis-aconitate + H2O rxn type\>??

Answer 25

dehydration

Question 26

cis-Aconitate + H2O ---\> with aconitase

Answer 26

isocitrate

Question 27

cis-Aconitate + H2O ---\>  isocitrate rxn type?

Answer 27

hydration

Question 28

cis-Aconitate + H2O ---\> isocitrate eznyme?

Answer 28

acotinase

Question 29

α-Ketoglutarate + NAD+ + CoA ----\> α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Answer 29

succinyl CoA + CO2 + NADH

Question 30

α-Ketoglutarate + NAD+ + CoA --\> succinyl CoA + CO2 + NADH enzyme?

Answer 30

α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Question 31

**α-Ketoglutarate** + NAD+ + CoA --\> **succinyl CoA** + CO2 + NADH rxn type?

Answer 31

decrboxylation and oxidation

Question 32

Isocitrate + NAD+ ----\> with Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Answer 32

α-Ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADH

Question 33

isocitrate + NAD+ -------\> α-Ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADH enzyme?

Answer 33

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 34

**Isocitrate** + NAD+ -------\> **α-Ketoglutarate** + CO2 + NADH rxn type

Answer 34

oxidation decarobylation

Question 35

Succinyl CoA + Pi + GDP --\> with succinyl coa synthetase

Answer 35

succinate + GTP + CoA

Question 36

**Succinyl CoA** + Pi + GDP ---\> **succinate** + GTP + CoA enzyme?

Answer 36

succinyl coa synthetase

Question 37

Succinyl CoA + Pi + GDP ---\> succinate + GTP + CoA ## Footnote rxn type?

Answer 37

substrate level phosphorylation

Question 38

Succinate + FAD (enzyme-bound) --\>

Answer 38

fumarate + FADH2 (enzyme-bound)

Question 39

**Succinate** + FAD (enzyme-bound) ---\> **fumarate** + FADH2 (enzyme-bound) enzyme?

Answer 39

Succinate dehydrogenase

Question 40

Succinate + FAD (enzyme-bound) ---\> fumarate + FADH2 (enzyme-bound) ## Footnote rxn type

Answer 40

oxidation

Question 41

Fumarate + H2O --\>

Answer 41

malate

Question 42

Fumarate + H2O ---\> malate enzyme?

Answer 42

fumarase

Question 43

Fumarate + H2O ---\> malate reaction type

Answer 43

hydration

Question 44

Malate + NAD+ --\>

Answer 44

oxaloacetate + NADH + H+

Question 45

Malate + NAD+ ---\> oxaloacetate + NADH + H+enzyme

Answer 45

malatae dehydrogenase

Question 46

Malate + NAD+ ---\> oxaloacetate + NADH + H+enzyme reaction type

Answer 46

oxidation

Question 47

Where Coa is produced?

Answer 47

with Citrate and with Succinate

Question 48

Where is NADH produced?

Answer 48

with a-ketoglutarate with succinyl COA with oxaloacetate