ATP Flashcards
the energy required to reduced CO is proivded by the
absorption of protons (which are reraised to a higher energy state)
from photosynthesis throuhout carbohydrate metaoblism energy isn’t changed by
flows
Energy stored in ___ is converted to energy stored in ATP
reduced fuels
ATP drives work function returning energy to the environment as____
heat (IR photons)
Life disorders its surroundings more or it orders itself by disordering light energy?
disorders its surrounding more
we use this to order ourselves
phosphoate bonds on atp are named
alpha, beta, gamma going in (closest to sugar) to outward
two energy rich bounds in atp?
in the phopshoandhryride bonds ( between gamma and beta, beta and alpha)
reasons why the phosphoandrhydrides bonds are energy rich (3)
- there is charge repulsion that is releived upon breaking the α-β or β-γ bonds
- greater resonance stabilization of products after you break ADP + Pi or AMP + PPi
- produces have more favorable interaction with water
ATP directly or indirectly drives 3 main work functions
- mehcnaical work
- tranport work
- biosynthetic work
___ meets our immediate energy needs
ATP
___ can meet our long term needs
fats and protein
Why is ATP well suited for its role as energy carrier? (4)
- Number of ~P (i.e., 2)
- Soluble and mobile
- High affinity binding to enzymes
- Recognition handle (has the right bases for enzymes to bind)
The height of the energy barrier, ___ determines the rate of reaction
ΔG‡ (also “Ea”),
All important biological molecules are at local energy ____
minima
this allows the body to control the use of these molecules
Cells control reactions by producing____ that allow
biological molecules to escape from energy minima
regulated catalysts (enzymes)
Enzymes change the reaction___ and ____of the energy barrier (ΔG‡).
path and lower the height
An intermediate thermodynamic value is consistent with ATP’s role as an___ and a ____
what couples such reactions?
acceptor and a donor
with the common intermediate principle
The total ΔG°ʹ′ for the two reactions is ____ by the enzyme
not altered
The exergonic reaction (ADP + Pi –> ATP ) is obligatorily coupled to the endergonic reaction (ATP
synthesis) by
E-P, a common intermediate in both reactions
conversion of ATP to the different NTPs is ____.
reversible
Why a Central Pool of Energy?
Due to the presence of nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK), the various NTP pools are able to (2)
share available energy and avoid rate-limiting steps (e.g. fleeing a predator).
The regulatory enzyme which turns a pathway on and off in response to the energy state of the cell usually catalyzes an _____ step in the pathway.
early step (feedback inhibition)
Vertebrate muscle and nerve (creatine kinase):
Adenylate kinase (ubiquitous)
adenylate deaminase (liver and skeletal muscle)
enzyme involved?
creatine kinase
enzyme involved?
Adenylate kinase (ubiquitous)
adentylate deaminase
