Cities and Urban Land Use Patterns and Processes Part 2 Flashcards
Functional Zones/Functional Zonation
The idea that portions of an urban area – regions, or zones, within a city – have specific and distinct purposes. The various zones fit together like a puzzle to create the entirety of the city.
Central Business District (CBD)
The commercial heart of a city; the focus of transportation and services.
Bid-Rent Theory
A theory that explains that land in the center of a city will have higher value than land farther away from the city’s center.
Commensal Relationship
When commercial interests benefit each other.
Residential Zones
Areas where people live. These are generally separate from the CBD and industrial zones, either legally through government zoning or simply by the choices of the inhabitants.
Concentric Zone Model/Burgess Model
A model that describes a city as a series of rings that surrounds a central business district. The first ring is a transition zone that mixes industrial uses with low cost housing. The next three rings are residential: one is for working-class housing, then one of more expensive housing, and finally, one of larger homes on the edge of the city and in the suburbs.
Sector Model (Hoyt’s Model)
A model that described how different types of land use and housing were all located near the CBD early in a city’s history. Each grew outward as the city expanded, creating wedges, or sectors of land use, rather than rings. The model describes sectors of land use for low-, medium-, and high-income housing as well as a sector for transportation.
Harris and Ullman Multiple-Nuclei Model
This model suggested that functional zonation occurred around multiple centers, or nodes. The characteristics of each node either attracted or repelled certain types of activities. The result was a city that consisted of a patchwork of land uses, each with its own center, or nucleus.
Peripheral Model
A variant of the multiple-nuclei model that describes suburban neighborhoods surrounding an inner city and served by nodes of commercial activity along a ring road or beltway.
Galactic City Model
In this model, an original CBD became surrounded by a system of smaller nodes that mimicked its function.
Edge Cities
Nodes of economic activity that have developed in the periphery of large cities. These usually have tall office buildings, a concentration of retail shops, relatively few residences, and are located at the junction of major transportation routes.
Mosque
A Muslim place of worship in the center of an Islamic city that is usually surrounded by a complex of structures to serve the public, such as schools and soup kitchens.
Citadel
A fort designed to protect the city.
Suqs
Traditional outdoor markets or covered bazaars, called suqs.
Griffin-Ford Model
This model is often used to describe Latin American cities. It places a two-part CBD at the center of the city – a traditional market center adjacent to a modern high-rise center. The most desirable housing in the city is located there, next to the developed center of the city, and the housing quality decreases as distance increases from the center.
Commercial Spine
A spine or corridor of development, high-quality housing, and commercial activities, such as theaters, restaurants, parks, and other amenities.
Mall
A growing secondary center. This is an area that grows along a spine and is filled with restaurants, parks, theaters, etc.
Periférico
The outer ring of a Latin American city. It shows poverty, lack of infrastructure, and shantytowns.
