cirulation

Question 1

where are platelets produced

Answer 1

bone marrow

Question 2

platelet precursor cell

Answer 2

megakaryocyte

Question 3

how are platelets produced

Answer 3

bud off from cycloplasmic extension

Question 4

what type of blood does thrombus form in

Answer 4

flowing

Question 5

process from clot to thrombus

Answer 5

1. clot forms in stationary blood
2. continued bleeding
3. vasoconstriction
4. thrombus formed

Question 6

what type of blood do clots form

Answer 6

stationary

Question 7

what do clots look like and what are they made from

Answer 7

red

fibrin and RBC through clotting cascade

Question 8

what do thrombi look like and what makes them

Answer 8

pale cream

fibrin and platelets

Question 9

clotting cascade

Answer 9

clotting factors turn prothrombin into thrombin

thrombin mixes with soluble fibrinogen to make insoluble fibrin

Question 10

what are clotting factors

Answer 10

many are serine proteases

Question 11

process after an injury

Answer 11

1. plasma mixes with interstitial collagen fibres activating clotting factors
2. smooth muscle releases tissue factors, also triggering clotting cascade
   
   1. exposed platelets to interstitial collagen fibres stick togeter and plug the gap

Question 12

what happens after clot/ thrombus formation

Answer 12

angiogenesis and granulation

Question 13

how are clots/thrombi removed

Answer 13

plasminogen turns to plasmin which cuts the fibrin

Question 14

Virchow’s triad (causes of thrombi)

Answer 14

change in intimal surface- a cut

change in pattern of blood flow

change in blood constituants

Question 15

pathological thrombi are often made from

Answer 15

layers of clot and thrombi

Question 16

pathological thrombi ultimately cause

Answer 16

ischaemia- decreased blood flow

Question 17

ischemia can lead to

Answer 17

hypoxia

then death of tissue- infarct

then necrosis

Question 18

bloop pressure is monitored by

Answer 18

2 carotid bodies and 2 carotid sinuses

Question 19

BP and HR during shock

Answer 19

low BP due to lack of blood

high HR to try and compensate

Question 20

hypovolemic shock

Answer 20

blood loss causing:

blood vessel collapse

decreased venous pressure

less blood in right heart

so less in lungs- little O₂ transport

carotid sinuses sense decreased BP and trigger sympathetic NS

-adrenalin, increased HR, breathing and sweats

Question 21

consequences of shock

Answer 21

brain dies due to lack of O₂

icheamic injury