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Anatomy > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the muscle of the heart called?

A

myeocardium

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2
Q

The heart is the next most vital organ to what?

A

brain

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3
Q

What is angina pectoris?

A

chest pain caused by inadequate oxygen to the heart

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4
Q

what is the scientific name for a heart attack?

A

myocardial infarction

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5
Q

Chest pain caused by inadequate oxygen to the heart

A

angina pectoris

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6
Q

What is it called when veins from other parts of the body are used to bypass blockages in coronary arteries?

A

coronary bypass surgery

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7
Q

What is the average heart beats per minute?

A

72

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8
Q

What is each complete beat called

A

cardiac cycle

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9
Q

How long is each cardiac cycle?

A

0.8 seconds

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10
Q

What 2 parts is the cardiac cycle divided into?

A

Systole and diastole

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11
Q

Systole is which phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

contraction

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12
Q

diastole is which phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

relaxion

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13
Q

Define stroke volume

A

the volume of blood ejected from one ventricle with EACH BEAT

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14
Q

Define cardiac output

A

the amount of blood that one ventricle can pump EACH MINUTE

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15
Q

What is the average cardiac output?

A

5 Liters per minute at rest

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16
Q

What are intercalated disks?

A

electrical connectors that join all of the cardiac muscle fibers together

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17
Q

The SA node can also be known as what?

A

pacemaker

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18
Q

Where is the SA node?

A

the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava

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19
Q

Where is the AV node located?

A

the right atrium along the lower part of the interatrial septum

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20
Q

Where is the AV bundle located?

A

the septum of the ventricle

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21
Q

Where are the Purkinje fibers located?

A

the walls of the ventricles

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22
Q

What is the purpose of the purkinje fibers

A

depolarize causing the ventricles to contract

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23
Q

What is depolarization?

A

contracting

24
Q

What is repolarization?

A

relaxation

25
Q

What is another name for an electrocardiogram?

A

ECG

26
Q

What are the three waves on an ECG?

A

P wave, QRS wave and T wave

27
Q

Describe the P wave

A

associated with depolarization of the artia, small hill

28
Q

Describe the QRS wave

A

associated with depolarization of the ventricles, spike

29
Q

describe the T wave

A

associated with repolarization of the ventricles, small hill

30
Q

Where do arteries carry blood?

A

away from the heart

31
Q

Where do veins carry blood?

A

toward the heart

32
Q

Where do capillaries carry blood?

A

from the arterioles to the venules

33
Q

What is the name of the inner layer of endothelial cells in the arteries?

A

Tunica Intima

34
Q

What is the layer of smooth muscle with some elastic tissue, thick in the arteries?

A

tunica media

35
Q

What is the thin layer of fibrous elastic connective tissue in the arteries?

A

tunica externa

36
Q

describe capillaries

A

microscopic vessels with only one layer called tunica intima

37
Q

What is the inner layer in the veins that prevent retrograde movement of blood

A

tunica intima

38
Q

What is the smooth muscle layer in veins that are thin in veins

A

tunica media

39
Q

what is the heavy layer of fibrous connective tissue in the veins

A

tunica externa

40
Q

What is the function of the arteries?

A

distribution of nutrients, gasses, etc., movement of blood under high pressure, assist in maintaining the arterial blood pressure

41
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

serve as exchange vessels for nutrients, wastes and fluids

42
Q

What is the function of veins

A

collect blood for return to the heart; low pressure vessels

43
Q

Where does systemic circulation carry blood?

A

throughout the entire body

44
Q

Where does pulmonary circulation carry blood?

A

to and from the lungs

45
Q

The hepatic portal veins have how many capillary beds?

A

2

46
Q

Hepatic portal circulation routes blood through what?

A

liver

47
Q

What assists with homeostasis of blood glucose levels?

A

Hepatic portal veins

48
Q

definition of blood pressure

A

push, or force, of blood in the blood vessels

49
Q

Blood pressure is highest where and lowest where

A

highest in arteries and lowest in veins

50
Q

Name the four factors that influence blood pressure

A
  1. Blood Volume
  2. Strength of ventricular contractions
  3. Blood viscosity
  4. resistance to blood pressure
51
Q

what is the normal average blood pressure

A

120/80

52
Q

in a blood pressure reading of 120/80… what is the 120

A

contraction

53
Q

in a blood pressure reading of 120/80

A

relaxation

54
Q

what is the venous blood pressure within the right atrium called

A

central venous pressure

55
Q

5 things the venous return of blood to the heart depends on

A
  1. a strongly beating heart
  2. adequate arterial blood pressure
  3. valves in the veins
  4. pumping action of skeletal muscles as they contract
  5. changing pressures in the chest cavity caused by breathing

Anatomy (8 decks)

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