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Human Physiology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

Parts of the circulatory system and how it works.

1
Q

What are the 4 functions of the circulatory system?

Transport, maintain, fight.

A
  1. Transports materials that cells need
  2. Transport wastes from the cells
  3. Helps maintain a constant body temperature
  4. Helps the body fight disease
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2
Q

What materials do cells need?

There are 3 needed things.

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. Nutrients (sugar, amino acids)
  3. Hormones
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3
Q

The heart acts a ____ pump.

Think about the blood in the heart.

A
  • The heart acts as a double pump.
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4
Q

Why is the heart a double pump?

Think about the blood in the heart.

A
  • It pumps oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood.
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5
Q

What is the heartbeat controlled by?

A
  • Pacemaker

We all have natural pacemakers.

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6
Q

What are valves?

A
  • Flaps of tissue
  • Keeps the blood from moving backward
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7
Q

What is the sac that surrounds the heart?

A
  • Pericardium
  • Provides protection
  • Lubricates the heart
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8
Q

What is blood?

A
  • Fluid tissue
  • Transports and removes things
  • Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, wastes
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9
Q

What perentage of blood is your body mass?

A
  • Your blood is 7% of your body mass
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10
Q

How many liters of blood are in an adult human?

A
  • About 4-6 liters
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11
Q

What are the four parts of blood?

A
  • Plasma
  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Platelets
  • Plasma is liquid that carries everything
  • RBCs carry oxygen
  • WBCs fight off infection
  • Platelets make clotting possible
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12
Q

What percentage of blood is plasma?

A
  • 55% is plasma
  • 45% is blood cells
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13
Q

What do you know about RBCs?

A
  • Most numerous cell
  • Disc shaped, concave in middle
  • Produced in red marrow of long bones
  • Destroyed in the liver and spleen
  • Contains hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to cells
  • Live approximately 120-125 days
  • 5 million in 1 drop of blood
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14
Q

RBCs are the most ____ cell.

A
  • Numerous
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15
Q

What is the shape of RBCs?

A
  • Disc shaped
  • Concave in the center (thinner)
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16
Q

Where are RBCs produced?

A
  • In the red bone marrow of long bones
17
Q

Where are RBCs destroyed?

A
  • In the liver and spleen
18
Q

What is a protein that RBCs contain?

A
  • Hemoglobin, which attacts oxygen and makes it stick to RBCs
19
Q

How long do RBCs live?

A
  • About 120-125 days, roughly 4 months
20
Q

How many RBCs are in one drop of blood?

A
  • 5 million
21
Q

What do you know about WBCs?

A
  • Severals types
  • Less than RBCs
  • Protect body against disease by forming antibodies or engulfing bacteria
  • Formed in bone marrow or lymph tissues
  • Largest cell
  • 8,000 in one drop of blood
22
Q

There are ____ types of WBCs.

A
  • Several
23
Q

There are ____ WBCs than RBCs.

A
  • Less
24
Q

WBCs form these to do what?

A
  • Antibodies and engulfing bacteria to fight diseases in the body
25
Q

Where are WBCs formed?

A
  • In bown marrow and lymph tissues
26
Q

How many WBCs are in 1 drop of blood?

A
  • 8,000
27
Q

What is puss?

A
  • Dead tissue + WBCs + dead bacteria
28
Q

What are the 5 types of blood vessels?

A
  • Artery
  • Arteriole
  • Vein
  • Venule
  • Capillaries
29
Q

What is clotting?

A
  • A series of reactions that form protein fibers that trap blood cells and form clots
  • Needs RBCs, platelets, fibrin
30
Q

What do you know about arties?

A
  • Carry blood away from the heart
  • Spurt blood when cut
  • Most carry oxgenated blood
  • Thick walled and elastic
  • They pulse (expansion and contraction of the artery walls in response to heartbeat
  • high blood pressure
31
Q

What do you know about veins?

A
  • Carry blood toward the heart
  • Contain valves
  • Most carry deoxygenated blood
  • Depend on muscle movements for blood flow
  • Low blood pressure
  • Thin walls
32
Q

What do you know about capillaries?

A
  • Connect arteries to veins
  • Microscopic; one cell think walls
  • Site of exchange between the blood and cells
  • Most numerous blood vessels
33
Q

What are lymph vessels?

A
  • Collect blood that leaks out of blood vessels
  • Return it to circulatory system
34
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A
  • Found by major lymph vessels
  • Contain WBCs
  • Filter bacteria and dead cells from lymph
35
Q

What are 7 causes of high blood pressure?

A
  • Excess sodium intake
  • Stress
  • Cigarettes; nicotine
  • Saturated fats
  • Alcohol & caffeine
  • Obesity
  • Heredity & aging
36
Q

What are some diseases of the circulatory system?

A
  • Myocardial infraction
  • Hypertension
  • Hypotension
  • Stroke
  • Angina pectoris
  • Sickle cell anemia
  • Anemia
  • Leukemia
  • Varicose veins
  • Arrhythmias
  • Hemophilia

Human Physiology (9 decks)

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