Circulatory System Flashcards
What is the circulatory system?
The movement of oxygen in our blood into the cells which need it to respire.
What are the 3 functions of the circulatory system?
Transport substances around the body.
Control body temp.
Protect the body.
Why is your circulatory system a closed system?
Blood stays in the heart and vessels.
Why is it called a double circulatory system?
Blood flows through the heart twice during each circuit of the body.
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
Right atrium.
Left atrium.
Right ventricle.
Left ventricle.
What are the 4 blood vessels in the heart?
Aorta.
Vena cava.
Pulmonary artery.
Pulmonary vein.
What are the 3 valves in the heart?
Semilunar valves.
Bicuspid valves.
Tricuspid valves.
What side of the heart does oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flow?
Deoxygenated = Right side.
Oxygenated = Left side.
What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
Artery.
Vein.
Capillary.
State the function of arteries and describe it.
They carry blood away from the heart under high pressure.
They have thick muscular walls and a narrow lumen.
State the function of veins and describe it.
They carry blood to the heart. They have valves to stop blood flowing the wrong way.
They have thin muscular walls and a wide lumen.
State the function of capillaries and describe it.
They link arteries and veins in tissue and organs.
Their walls are 1 cell thick so substances can diffuse easily through them.
What are the 4 structures in the blood?
Plasma.
Platelets.
WBC.
RBC.
What are white blood cells?
They are large cells with a nucleus to make antibodies which fight disease.
They can change shape to engulf and kill microorganisms that cause disease.
What are platelets?
Tiny structures that help blood clot.
What is the plasma?
A straw-coloured liquid that blood cells float in.
They transport amino acids and glucose, waste, hormones and antibodies around the body in blood.
What is the stomata used for?
To allow co2 to diffuse in for photosynthesis.
What are guard cells used for?
To allow the stomata to open and close and they protect the stomata.
What do vascular bundles form?
A continuous transport system from the roots, through the stem and into the leaves.
What is the function of the phloem tissue?
Transports dissolved sugars (produced during photosynthesis) from the leaves to all other areas of the plant (Translocation).
What is the function of the xylem tissue?
Transports water and minerals ions from the roots to the stem, leaves and flowers (Transpiration).
What are 3 differences between xylem and phloem cells?
Xylem cells are made of dead issue whereas phloem cells are made of living tissue.
Xylem cells have a 1 way system while phloem cells have a 2 way system.
Xylem cells transport water and mineral ions however phloem cells transport sugars.
What are the 4 factors that affect the rate of transpiration?
Light intensity.
Temp.
Wind speed.
Humidity.
Define transpiration.
The movement and loss of water from a plant due to evap.
In bright light transpiration …
increases so the stomata opens wider to allow more co2 into the leaf for photosynthesis.
Transpiration is faster in …
higher temps.
Transpiration is faster in windy conditions so …
water vapour is removed quickly by air movement, speeding up diffusion of more water vapour out of the leaf.
Transpiration is slower in …
humid conditions so diffusion of water vapour out of the leaf slows down if the leaf is already surrounded by moist air.
What is the formula for the rate of movement?
Rate of movement (mm/s) = Distance (mm) / time (s)
What is the function of the nervous system?
Sends electrical impulses around the body to control our sensory ability.
Define stimulus.
A change in the environment.
What is the function of receptors?
Detects the stimulus and generates an electrical impulse.
What is the function of effectors?
Responds to the stimulus.
Muscle or gland.
What are synapses?
Gaps between neurones where info is sent by chemical transmission.
Describe the movement of impulses across synapse.
At a synapse, an electrical impulse reaches the action potential. Then the neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse. Electrical impulses are generated at dendrites. Then the electrical impulse travel down neurones. The chemicals bind with receptor molecules on the membrane of the second neurone.
What is the pathway for a coordinated response?
Stimulus → Receptor → Sensory neurone → Spinal cord → Brain/Relay neurone → Spinal cord → Motor neurone → Effector → Response.
What is the pathway for a reflex response?
Stimulus → Receptor → Sensory neurone → Spinal cord → Motor neurone → Effector → Response.
Describe a reflex response.
It’s an automatic involuntary action that’s done without thinking and takes 0.2secs.
Describe coordinated response.
It’s a voluntary action done with thinking and takes 0.7 secs.
