Circulatory System

Question 1

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 1

The movement of oxygen in our blood into the cells which need it to respire.

Question 2

What are the 3 functions of the circulatory system?

Answer 2

Transport substances around the body.
Control body temp.
Protect the body.

Question 3

Why is your circulatory system a closed system?

Answer 3

Blood stays in the heart and vessels.

Question 4

Why is it called a double circulatory system?

Answer 4

Blood flows through the heart twice during each circuit of the body.

Question 5

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 5

Right atrium.
Left atrium.
Right ventricle.
Left ventricle.

Question 6

What are the 4 blood vessels in the heart?

Answer 6

Aorta.
Vena cava.
Pulmonary artery.
Pulmonary vein.

Question 7

What are the 3 valves in the heart?

Answer 7

Semilunar valves.
Bicuspid valves.
Tricuspid valves.

Question 8

What side of the heart does oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flow?

Answer 8

Deoxygenated = Right side.
Oxygenated = Left side.

Question 9

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

Answer 9

Artery.
Vein.
Capillary.

Question 10

State the function of arteries and describe it.

Answer 10

They carry blood away from the heart under high pressure.
They have thick muscular walls and a narrow lumen.

Question 11

State the function of veins and describe it.

Answer 11

They carry blood to the heart. They have valves to stop blood flowing the wrong way.
They have thin muscular walls and a wide lumen.

Question 12

State the function of capillaries and describe it.

Answer 12

They link arteries and veins in tissue and organs.
Their walls are 1 cell thick so substances can diffuse easily through them.

Question 13

What are the 4 structures in the blood?

Answer 13

Plasma.
Platelets.
WBC.
RBC.

Question 13

What are white blood cells?

Answer 13

They are large cells with a nucleus to make antibodies which fight disease.
They can change shape to engulf and kill microorganisms that cause disease.

Question 13

What are platelets?

Answer 13

Tiny structures that help blood clot.

Question 13

What is the plasma?

Answer 13

A straw-coloured liquid that blood cells float in.
They transport amino acids and glucose, waste, hormones and antibodies around the body in blood.

Question 14

What is the stomata used for?

Answer 14

To allow co2 to diffuse in for photosynthesis.

Question 14

What are guard cells used for?

Answer 14

To allow the stomata to open and close and they protect the stomata.

Question 14

What do vascular bundles form?

Answer 14

A continuous transport system from the roots, through the stem and into the leaves.

Question 15

What is the function of the phloem tissue?

Answer 15

Transports dissolved sugars (produced during photosynthesis) from the leaves to all other areas of the plant (Translocation).

Question 15

What is the function of the xylem tissue?

Answer 15

Transports water and minerals ions from the roots to the stem, leaves and flowers (Transpiration).

Question 16

What are 3 differences between xylem and phloem cells?

Answer 16

Xylem cells are made of dead issue whereas phloem cells are made of living tissue.
Xylem cells have a 1 way system while phloem cells have a 2 way system.
Xylem cells transport water and mineral ions however phloem cells transport sugars.

Question 17

What are the 4 factors that affect the rate of transpiration?

Answer 17

Light intensity.
Temp.
Wind speed.
Humidity.

Question 17

Define transpiration.

Answer 17

The movement and loss of water from a plant due to evap.

Question 18

In bright light transpiration …

Answer 18

increases so the stomata opens wider to allow more co2 into the leaf for photosynthesis.

Question 19

Transpiration is faster in …

Answer 19

higher temps.

Question 20

Transpiration is faster in windy conditions so …

Answer 20

water vapour is removed quickly by air movement, speeding up diffusion of more water vapour out of the leaf.

Question 21

Transpiration is slower in …

Answer 21

humid conditions so diffusion of water vapour out of the leaf slows down if the leaf is already surrounded by moist air.

Question 22

What is the formula for the rate of movement?

Answer 22

Rate of movement (mm/s) = Distance (mm) / time (s)

Question 23

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 23

Sends electrical impulses around the body to control our sensory ability.

Question 24

Define stimulus.

Answer 24

A change in the environment.

Question 25

What is the function of receptors?

Answer 25

Detects the stimulus and generates an electrical impulse.

Question 26

What is the function of effectors?

Answer 26

Responds to the stimulus.
Muscle or gland.

Question 27

What are synapses?

Answer 27

Gaps between neurones where info is sent by chemical transmission.

Question 28

Describe the movement of impulses across synapse.

Answer 28

At a synapse, an electrical impulse reaches the action potential. Then the neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse. Electrical impulses are generated at dendrites. Then the electrical impulse travel down neurones. The chemicals bind with receptor molecules on the membrane of the second neurone.

Question 29

What is the pathway for a coordinated response?

Answer 29

Stimulus → Receptor → Sensory neurone → Spinal cord → Brain/Relay neurone → Spinal cord → Motor neurone → Effector → Response.

Question 30

What is the pathway for a reflex response?

Answer 30

Stimulus → Receptor → Sensory neurone → Spinal cord → Motor neurone → Effector → Response.

Question 31

Describe a reflex response.

Answer 31

It’s an automatic involuntary action that’s done without thinking and takes 0.2secs.

Question 32

Describe coordinated response.

Answer 32

It’s a voluntary action done with thinking and takes 0.7 secs.