Cells Flashcards
What is a eukaryotic cell?
Examples.
Cells containing membrane-bound organelles e.g. animal and plant cells.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Examples.
Cells that don’t contain a nucleus e.g. bacteria and archaea.
DNA is stored in a nucleoid that floats in the cytoplasm.
What is the function of the nucleus?
It contains DNA and controls the cell.
What is the nuclear membrane?
A barrier separating the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
What is mitochondria needed for?
It contains enzymes for cellular respiration.
What occurs in the ribosome?
Protein synthesis.
What is a cell membrane?
A selectively permeable barrier which controls what enters and leaves the cell.
What is the cytoplasm?
It’s a jelly-like substance where chemical reactions occur for cell expansion, the growth and replication.
What organelles can be found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Vacuole
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Amyloplast (starch grain)
What is the function of the vacuole?
To maintain water balance.
What takes place in the chloroplast?
Photosynthesis.
What is the function of the cell wall?
Provides support and structure against mechanical and osmotic stress.
What is the function of the flagellum?
It’s a tail for swimming.
What is a plasmid?
A circular strand of DNA in the cytoplasm.
What is the pili?
A surface structure which allows the bacterium to link to their external environment.
What is the function of the slime capsule?
To allow the bacteria to adhere to surfaces.
Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells divide cells by binary fission whereas eukaryotic cells divide by mitosis.
Eukaryotic cells are 10-100μm in size whereas prokaryotic cells are 0.1-5μm in size.
What is methylene blue used for?
To see the nucleus of an animal cell easier.
What is iodine used for?
To see plant cell nuclei easier.
What does crystal violet do?
It stains bacterial cell walls.
