Church History - People Flashcards

Question

Melanchthon

Answer 1

16th century * worked alongside Luther * wrote Augsburg Confession. Used law/gospel as primary motif. * Influential for reformation development.

Answer 2

15-16th century * Swiss Reformer. * Perhaps the third best known Reformers behind Calvin and Luther. * Disagreed with Luther over issue of whether we may do what the Bible does not forbid. Luther says we may, Zwingli says no. * Fought the "Radical Reformation" over the pace (he wanted slower) of the Reformation. * Believed that Christ's presence in the Lord's Supper was metaphorical i.e., memorial view

Answer 3

1509-1564 * Father of Presbyterianism (generally speaking) * Institutes written over span of his career but 1st ed. in 1535 * Went to Geneva then Strasbourg (with Bucer) then back to Geneva to end his career * Emphasized Trinity, multifaceted work of Spirit, union with Christ, church gov., sinfulness of man, sovereignty of God

Answer 4

(1513-1572) * Came to Geneva because of Bloody Mary, inspired by Calvin to create a political-religious commonwealth in Scotland (“crown and covenant”) * Wrote on church doctrine, discipline., and worship (cf. Scots Confession with its more BT feel than the more ST focused WCF)

Answer 5

* After Knox dies, the church and crown were united by the King’s Confession of 1581, guaranteeing Presbyterianism throughout Scotland * Later Kings (like James Stuart) affirmed this confession (1590, 1595) – but after the reunification of Scotland/England, Charles I tried to institute BCP and episcopacy in 1637 * Some Scots, affirmed the National Covenant (1638) which through off Charles I reforms and refused to acknowledge a crown that did not adhere to the previous Covenant * These covenanters were extremely persecuted – eventually signed Solemn League and Covenant in 1643 where the two parties agreed on common doctrine, worship., and government

Answer 6

16th century * A progressive Protestant Dutch theologian, Arminius was the author of a brand of theology known as Arminianism developed as a reaction against what he saw as the sternness of Calvinism. * Arminius discarded the idea of unconditional predestination/election and taught that man had freedom to choose or reject salvation. * He was the first to urge that the state tolerate all religions and emphasized the more practical aspects of faith instead of the creedal.

Answer 7

17th century * French theologian and preacher, * developed the doctrine of "hypothetical universalism" known as Amyraldianism. It taught that God wills all men to be saved, so Christ’s death is applied universally. Because men reject the free offer, then God wills to save/elect by grace.

Answer 8

18th century. * Theologian and pastor. * Perhaps America's best theologian remembered for stressing the inseparability of an intellectual Reformed faith from "experimental" religion. * Hugely influential in the First Great Awakening. * His writings include: "The Freedom of the Will" and "Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God,” Religious Affections.

Answer 9

17th century * English Puritan preacher. * Somewhat controversial understanding of grace/salvation. * But emphasized evangelism, spiritual counsel, church renewal and care. * He wrote The Reformed Pastor, A Call to The Unconverted, and A Christian Directory

Answer 10

18th century * The founder of the Moravian Church. * He was a German count whose importance lies in the creation of a missionary, service-oriented, ecumenical free church based upon a common experience of salvation and mutual love, and the emphasis upon deep, emotional religious expression which was intended to breathe new life into Protestantism.

Answer 11

18th century * An English Calvinistic revivalist who was a major figure in the Great Awakening. * Known for his eloquence and incredible speaking voice. * He would preach to thousands gathered in the countryside. * He was also influential in the founding of orphanages across the colonies. * His eloquence and intelligence earned him the friendship of such notables as Benjamin Franklin. * Some consider him to be the first national celebrity in America.

Answer 12

18th century * An English, Arminian revivalist who, with the help of his brother Charles, founded Methodism as a movement within the Anglican Church. * Worked as itinerate preacher and was greatly influenced by the German Moravians. * Wesley was one of the major forces behind the Evangelical revival in England. * The Methodists stressed personal piety and devotion, as well as man's free choice to receive God's grace. * Wesley emphasized the teaching of justification by faith alone and the pursuit of holiness to the point of "Christian perfection."

Answer 13

18th century * Controversy sparked in Scottish church when Thomas Boston found and read The Marrow of Modern Divinity written by Edward Fisher. * The book explains the difference between antinomianism and legalism. * This sparked debate within the church which was largely legalistic and “hyper-Calvinistic” at the time. * The “Marrow men” (Thomas Boston, Ralph and Ebenezer Erskine etc.) followed the teaching of The Marrow by wanting to present the gospel to all. * They were eventually forced out of the Scottish church/chose to leave to start the Associate Presbytery

Answer 14

18th-19th century * Shoemaker turned missionary, Carey had a vision for the church to be involved in foreign missions. * His was the first real attempt at foreign missions by the Protestant church. * In 1793 the Baptist Missionary Society sent Carey to India. * Stationed near Calcutta, he and his colleagues translated the Bible into many of the native languages, set up printing presses, and colleges. * His life inspired other missionaries to take the gospel to the ends of the earth, adopting his motto: "Attempt great things for God; expect great things from God."

Answer 15

19th century * Greatly influenced by Pietism and known mainly for his orphanage work in Bristol England. * When his second orphanage was built, he and his wife began to travel around the world preaching the gospel. * He was known for his "faith mission" principle in which he received miraculous answers to prayer.

Answer 16

19th century * Calvinistic Baptist preacher and avid reader of the Puritans, known fondly as "The Prince of Preachers." * In 1854 he became the pastor of a large congregation in London which built the Metropolitan Tabernacle to hold the crowds that came to hear him preach. * He likely has more sermons published than any other preacher in history.

Answer 17

19th century * The best-known proponent of the Princeton theology (Westminster tradition from 1600s especially influenced by Turretin). * A noted polemicist, Hodge is remembered for his rational defense of the Reformed tradition, and for his defense of creationism against naturalistic evolution. * Defender of the Old School; debated with John Nevin (and Mercersburg theo.) over views of LS

Answer 18

19-20th century * One of the last of the great Princeton theologians, respected for his scholarly defense of Augustinian Calvinism. * He is remembered for his intellectual defense of Biblical inerrancy in the face of Schleiermacher’s influence and Ritschlian liberalism.

Answer 19

19th century * After training to be a lawyer, Finney became a Presbyterian revivalist and father of the New School movement. * He employed "New Measures" of pragmatic techniques, such as the anxious seat, to win souls. * He was a key force in the Northern section of the Second Great Awakening of the first half of the 19th century.

Answer 20

19th century * Dispensationalist revivalist who drew large crowds because of his preaching famous for his "sinking ship" theory: the world is lost, and Christians must endeavor only to save as many souls as they can before the end. * Moody's emphasis led to the rampant separationism of the fundamentalist movement (?). * Cf. Moody Church and Moody Bible Institute in Chicago