Cht. 4 social status Flashcards
what is a variable/variant
language that can be pronounced in 2 or more ways
what can a different variaty give someone?
prestige (upper class) or stigma (non-upper class)
borrowed prestige
when the role of the speaker influences their speaking habits (for example working a high end job)
social hypercorrection
when people use too many prestige forms to seem more upper class (might be related to linguistic insecurity)
what types of salient (noticable) language features are there
- often salient means it may be a stereotype
- sociolinguistic marker means that it is barely noticeable
- sociolinguistic indicators are below the radar features noticed with studies
what does a community’s norms affect
sociolinguistic markers and indicators
what influences class and it’s language
social mobility (isolation by conventions or attitude)
what is “caste”
a social group that is hard to get out of
what was enforced to appear more higher class?
prescriptive rules (how you should talk)
when did the standardization of English happen
when London became the capitol and all of the local uni’s language became court language and lectures. it made writing standardized and made a “standard” English speaking variaty
what is a social standard?
when a variaty is seen as socially and linguistically unmarked, AKA not weird
what is a sociolect?
a subset of language used by a particular social group or class
what type of language do men use more than women
men use more non-standard forms than women
what is overt prestige
sounding propper and how we should speak to gain status (upper socio-class like)
what is covert prestige
how you should speak to belong to a particular group (non-standard way of speaking)
what happens when you both are from a higher social class but come from different regions?
you have fewer differences due to being in a higher class, when you’re from a lower class you have more differences if you come from different regions
what is linguistic prestige linked to?
power
restricted code
language used in informal speech or close knit communities (associated with lower classes)
elaborated code
language used in formal situations (associated with upper classes)
