Cht. 11 language contact Flashcards
what is borrowing?
when a word is so handy that it should be used in another language as well
when do you consider a word “fully borrowed”?
when it is completely included in the other language
what is nativization?
taking a new word in our language and treating it like our own, even changing them to fit our language rules
what is folk emytology?
when you adapt a word from another language to suit your defintion of it
what is a sprachbund?
when unrelated languages become alike from sharing a geographical location
what is the lingua franca
a language that everyone can speak from different backgrounds
what is a pidgen?
when a language is stripped to its essentials for conveying simple information
when does a pidgen develop?
1 if one (or more) groups have limited access to the language
2 when people who work on a plantation as slaves/indentured workers used the language (it became first language for their children)
what is creole
when a pidgen becomes a language
what is a proto-pidgen
a frame where new linguistic features of creole were slotted
how was creole spread according to the relexification hypothesis?
by sailors or slavers
how was creole spread according to the language bioprogram hypothesis?
when creole became the first language of the children they used the structure of the pidgen
what is the difference between a substrate or a superstrate influence?
a substrate talks about the influence of the first language when learning a pidgen/creole
a superstrate talks about the influence of different varieties of the base language on the pidgen/creole
what type of bilingualism is common for people who speak creole
diglossia, they speak creole at home but the standard form in formal settings
what two options are there when people who speak creole?
decreolization, sounding less creole
multiple levels of creole can develop
what levels of creole are there
acrolect = least like creole
mesolect = sounds creole or standard
basilect = most like creole
