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8 History > Chs. 8-11 Final exam > Flashcards

Chs. 8-11 Final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

political meetings where presidential nominees are chosen

A

caucus

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2
Q

one problem with the caucus system

A

favors well-connected

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3
Q

replaced caucuses; delegates met to decide on nominees

A

national nominating conventions

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4
Q

to legally overturn a law

A

nullify

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5
Q

Why did Kentucky and Virginia want to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts?

A

they believed they were unconstitutional

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6
Q

Where did most new immigrants during the early 1800s come from?

A

Germany and Ireland

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7
Q

hostility towards anyone with different language/religion/culture

A

nativism

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8
Q

early 1800s movement to revive Americans’ commitment to religion; included revival meetings and encouragement to read Bible

A

Second Great Awakening

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9
Q

big supporter of the Second Great Awakening

A

Finney

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10
Q

two key components of Romanticism

A
  • feeling over reason

- individual above society

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11
Q

came out of the religious revival; attitude of being able to improve yourself and the world

A

spirit of reform

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12
Q

reform movements that took place during the early 1800s (5)

A
  • temperance
  • prison reform
  • education
  • women’s movement
  • gradualism and abolition
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13
Q

reform movement to prohibit alcohol sales

A

temperance

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14
Q

reform movement to improve prisons and help prisoners rehabilitate themselves

A

prison reform

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15
Q

reform movement to make government funded schools open to all citizens

A

education reform

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16
Q

1848 meeting that organized the women’s movement; declared that men and women are created equal and women should vote

A

Seneca Falls Convention

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17
Q

one of the key organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention

A

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

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18
Q

approach to ending slavery slowly by preventing new slaves from being brought into US and pay slaveholders for their loss of “property”

A

gradualism

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19
Q

idea of immediately ending slavery

A

abolition

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20
Q

founder of the abolitionist movement

A

William Lloyd Garrison

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21
Q

Mexican men who tried to get American settlers in Texas; Spanish word for agents or contractors

A

empresarios

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22
Q

law in which Mexico gave 26 empresarios land in Texas, and empresarios promised to fill it with settlers

A

National Colonization Act

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23
Q

Americans who moved to Texas initially accepted _ citizenship

A

Mexican

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24
Q

military leader of the Americans in Texas

A

Sam Houston

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25
Q

mission where the Americans stayed and fought off Santa Anna’s troops for 13 days, giving the rest of the American army time to organize

A

Alamo

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26
Q

leader of the Americans at Alamo

A

Travis

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27
Q

Whig senator who ran against James Polk in 1844; promised to annex Texas and buy California

A

Henry Clay

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28
Q

politician who claimed to want the Oregon Territory but secretly allowed Britain to have some of Vancouver Island

A

Polk

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29
Q

winner of 1844 election

A

Polk

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30
Q

the idea that God gave land to Americans and wanted them to settle West

A

manifest destiny

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31
Q

treaty in which Mexico gave up California, Utah, Nevada, and parts of other states in exchange for money

A

Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo

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32
Q

bill proposing that slavery not be allowed in any lands gained from Mexico (didn’t pass)

A

Wilmot Proviso

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33
Q

3 candidates in 1848 election

A

Lewis Cass (democrat supported pop. sovereignty) , Martin van Buren (opposed slavery), Zachary Taylor (Whig)

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34
Q

people went west to find gold

A

49ers

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35
Q

CA wanted to be admitted as __ state

A

free

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36
Q

three things accomplished by Compromise of 1850

A
  • CA admitted as free state
  • passed Fugitive Slave Act
  • pop. sovereignty in former Mexican lands
  • slave trade abolished in DC
37
Q

law requiring citizens to help catch runaway slaves

A

Fugitive Slave Act

38
Q

passageway taking runaway slaves to the North

A

underground railroad

39
Q

famous woman who was involved in the underground railroad

A

Harriet Tubman

40
Q

passageway linking east and west coasts

A

Transcontinental Railroad

41
Q

$10 million land purchase necessary for building the railroad

A

Gadsden Purchase

42
Q

bill to allow popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska

A

Kansas-Nebraska Act

43
Q

compromised repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

Missouri Compromise

44
Q

party that formed opposed to spreading slavery

A

Republicans

45
Q

free soiler

A

someone who supported making all new lands free lands

46
Q

enslaved man who argued that he should be free because his owner took him to free territory

A

Dred Scott

47
Q

How did the Supreme Court rule in the Dred Scott decision?

A
  • African Americans were not citizens and could not sue in court
  • government could not prohibit slavery in the new territories
48
Q

anti-immigrant (nativists) and anti-Catholic party

A

Know Nothings

49
Q

constitution drafted by a Kansan pro-slavery legislature that legalized slavery in Kansas; voted against

A

Lecompton Constitution

50
Q

Stephen Douglas’s statement that slavery could be excluded in a territory if people refused to pass the laws needed to regulate and enforce slavery

A

Freeport Doctrine

51
Q

abolitionist who began a rebellion against slaveholders, seized the federal arsenal at Harpers ferry, put down by Robert E. Lee

A

John Brown

52
Q

who won the election of 1860

A

Abraham Lincoln

53
Q

which state was the first to secede?

A

South Carolina

54
Q

first president of the confederacy

A

Jefferson Davis

55
Q

three things said in the Confederate Constitution

A
  • each state was independent
  • slavery guaranteed
  • banned protective tariffs
  • six year term
56
Q

three things Lincoln said in his inaugural address

A
  • he would not interfere with slavery where it already existed
  • Union could not be dissolved
  • seceded states would come back
57
Q

first battle of Civil War

A

Fort Sumter

58
Q

how did Lincoln prevent Maryland (border state) from seceding?

A

martial law - military took control and replaced police, suspended some civil rights

59
Q

military leader of Confederacy

A

Robert E Lee

60
Q

North advantages in Civil War

A
  • better transportation
  • telegraph wire
  • larger population
  • more factories (clothing and iron)
  • more money (taxes)
61
Q

North disadvantage in Civil War

A

factory workers not ready to be soldiers

62
Q

South advantages in Civil War

A
  • good military leaders and soldiers

- lots of crops and food

63
Q

law that required states to use conscription (draft)

A

militia law

64
Q

states that someone must be charged to go to jail; Lincoln suspended this right temporarily

A

habeas corpus

65
Q

Why was the Civil War called the first modern war?

A

new tactics and technology

  • better bullets
  • faster loading rifles
  • trenches and barricades
  • move to army in tight rows, then charge with bayonets
66
Q

Southern strategy in war

A
  • choose battles carefully to avoid heavy losses

- defensive war of attrition (force North to use up its resources and negotiate)

67
Q

Northern strategy in war

A

Anaconda Plan

  • block southern ports (naval war)
  • force South to run out of resources and surrender
68
Q

major battles of the Civil War in the West

A

Union led by General Grant

  • Shiloh - Union wins
  • Chattanooga - Union wins
69
Q

major battles of the Civil War in the East

A

Union led by General McClellan

  • Yorktown - Union wins
  • Seven Days Battle - South wins
  • Antietam - Union wins
70
Q

Lincoln’s decree freeing all enslaved persons still in rebellion after January I, 1863

A

Emancipation Proclamation

71
Q

Southern economy during Civil War

A
  • transportation system destroyed

- food shortages –> riots

72
Q

Northern economy during Civil War

A
  • booming economy

- women did factory and farm work

73
Q

how did women contribute to the war

A

nurses on the battlefield

74
Q

famous female nurses during Civil War

A

Clara Barton and Elizabeth Blackwell

75
Q

what happened in military prisons?

A

prisoners were usually exchanged, not kept

76
Q

Why did Lincoln stop prisoner exchanges?

A

Confederacy would not trade blacks –> southern camps became crowded

77
Q

What happened at Vicksburg?

A
  • Grant sieged Vicksburg, forced the south to give up

- cut the south into two parts

78
Q

what battle was the turning point of the war?

A

Gettysburg

79
Q

What happened at Gettysburg?

A
  • Pickett’s Charge: south attack on union troops
  • Union fought of south and the south suffered many casualties
  • after that, the north stayed on the offensive
80
Q

Lincoln’s speech on the battlefield

A

Gettysburg Address

81
Q

What happened during the fall of Atlanta?

A
  • General Sherman cut off all trains to Atlanta

- souther troops evacuated –> Sherman’s march to sea

82
Q

Sherman’s march to sea

A

Sherman marched from Atlanta to ocean, burning everything

83
Q

Lincoln’s opponent in 1864

A

George McClellan

84
Q

McClellan’s campaign promise

A

he would end the war and open negotiations to restore the union

85
Q

amendment that banned slavery

A

Thirteenth Amendment

86
Q

where did Lee surrender?

A

Appomattox Courthouse

87
Q

promise that Grant made to Lee

A

no one would be prosecuted for treason

88
Q

who killed Lincoln?

A

John Wilkes Booth

89
Q

three things in the aftermath of the Civil War

A
  • strengthened federal government’s power over states
  • end to slavery
  • south socially and economically devastated

8 History (8 decks)

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