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8 History > Chs. 5-7 Final exam > Flashcards

Chs. 5-7 Final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

a plan for a loose of the states under Congress

A

Articles of Confederation

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2
Q

3 powers given to Congress by the Articles of Confederation

A

1 - declare war
2 - raise an army
3 - sign treaties

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3
Q

2 powers NOT given to Congress by the Articles of Confederation

A

1 - create taxes

2 - regulate trade

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4
Q

problem with the Articles of Confederation

A

created a very weak central government

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5
Q

meeting to discuss a stronger national government

A

Constitutional Convention

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6
Q

when and where did the Constitutional Convention happen?

A

1787, Philadelphia

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7
Q

who suggested the Constitutional Convention?

A

Alexander Hamilton

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8
Q

problem solved by the Connecticut Compromise

A

should big and little states have same # reps in Congress?

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9
Q

another name for the Connecticut Compromise

A

Great Compromise

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10
Q

the Connecticut Compromise proposed that Congress should be divided into two __

A

houses

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11
Q

two houses of Congress

A

House of Representatives and Senate

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12
Q

each state gets __ senators, regardless of population

A

two

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13
Q

problem solved by the Three-Fifths Compromise

A

should slaves should count for representation in Congress?

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14
Q

solution in the Three-Fifths compromise

A

every slave counted for ⅗ of one person

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15
Q

group who supported a strong central government with a Constitution

A

Federalists

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16
Q

group who favored a weaker central government, and generally opposed the Constitution

A

Antifederalists

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17
Q

three famous Federalists

A

Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, James Madion

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18
Q

two famous Antifederalists

A

John Hancock, Patrick Henry

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19
Q

document that was supposed to strengthen the federal government

A

Constitution

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20
Q

how many states needed to approve the Constitution?

A

nine

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21
Q

two states that did not approve of the Constitution

A

Rhode Island and North Carolina

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22
Q

fancy word for “approving” the Constitution

A

ratification

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23
Q

three important ideas in the Constitution

A
  • popular sovereignty
  • federalism
  • separation of powers
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24
Q

rule by the people

A

popular sovereignty

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25
Q

split in power between federal government and states

A

federalism

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26
Q

three branches of federal government

A
  • executive
  • legislative
  • judicial
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27
Q

who is in the executive branch?

A

president, cabinet, other departments

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28
Q

job of executive branch

A

carry out Congress’s laws; veto power over Congress

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29
Q

who is in the legislative branch?

A

Congress (House of Representatives and Senate)

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30
Q

two jobs of legislative branch

A

make laws, control federal spending

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31
Q

two jobs of the Senate

A
  • approve president’s treaties

- confirm presidential appointments

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32
Q

one job of the House of Representatives

A

impeach (bring charges against) a federal official

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33
Q

job of the judicial branch

A

interpret laws and the Constitution

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34
Q

Why did James Madison want to pass the Bill of Rights?

A

He hoped that they would build support for the new government among the people

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35
Q

How many amendments were there in the Bill of Rights?

A

12, but the states only approved 10

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36
Q

What did the first 8 amendments in the Bill of Rights do?

A

protect the rights of individuals against the government

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37
Q

What did the 9th amendment in the Bill of Rights do?

A

says that the people have all the rights not listed

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38
Q

What did the 10th amendment in the Bill of Rights do?

A

says that the states have all the powers not given to the federal government

39
Q

powers specifically given to the federal government in the Constitution

A

enumerated powers

40
Q

a paper note issued by the government, promising to pay someone back with interest

A

bond

41
Q

Hamilton asked Congress to create a national ___

A

bank

42
Q

Eventually, the Bank of the US was created. Congress said that, since a national bank was necessary and proper, it was an ___ power

A

implied

43
Q

In 1791, Congress angered Western farmers by putting a tax on ___

A

whiskey

44
Q

In response to the whiskey tax, what did Western farmers do?

A

rebel

45
Q

How did Washington deal with the Whiskey Rebellion?

A

sent 15,000 troops and crushed it

46
Q

Why did Washington’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion worry some people?

A

He used American troops against American people

47
Q

right of the Supreme Court to declare a law passed by Congress unconstititutional

A

judicial review

48
Q

case that created the idea of judicial review

A

Marbury vs. Madison

49
Q

chief justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years

A

John Marshall

50
Q

Thomas Jefferson bought __ from Napoleon

A

Louisiana Territory

51
Q

two effects of Louisiana Purchase

A
  • US doubled its size

- US gained control of whole Mississippi River

52
Q

__ and __ explored the Louisiana Territory

A

Lewis and Clark

53
Q

causes for War of 1812

A
  • British and French sanctions against US

- impressment

54
Q

British practice of kidnapping and using American sailors as soldiers

A

impressment

55
Q

law lifting all US trade taxes except those relating to Britain or France

A

Non-Intercourse Act

56
Q

law temporarily lifting British trade embargoes, aimed at ending impressment

A

Macon’s Bill #2

57
Q

author of “Star-Spangled Banner”

A

Francis Scott Key

58
Q

last battle of War of 1812, US victory

A

Battle of New Orleans

59
Q

treaty that ended War of 1812

A

Treaty of Ghent

60
Q

3 results of War of 1812

A
  • no territory changes
  • increased US prestige overseas
  • stimulated US patriotism and unity
61
Q

period after War of 1812 during Monroe’s presidency, American s felt national loyalty, only one national party

A

Era of Good Feelings

62
Q

two types of tariffs

A

protective and revenue

63
Q

tax designed to raise money for government

A

revenue tariff

64
Q

tax designed to help American manufacturers by taxing imports from other countries

A

protective tariff

65
Q

protective tariff passed after War of 1816

A

Tariff of 1816

66
Q

3 ways nationalism was shown after War of 1812

A
  • economic
  • judicial
  • diplomacy
67
Q

How was economic nationalism shown? (2)

A
  • Second Bank of US

- protective tariffs

68
Q

How was judicial nationalism shown? (1)

A
  • national court (Supreme Court) dominant over state courts
69
Q

How was diplomatic nationalism shown? (2)

A
  • gained Florida from Spain

- Monroe Doctrine

70
Q

Chief Justice of Supreme Court, helped unify nation after war with three famous cases

A

John Marshall

71
Q

John Marshall’s three famous cases

A
  • Gibbons vs. Ogden
  • Martin vs Hunter’s Lessee
  • McCulloch vs Maryland
72
Q

How did Gibbons vs. Ogden turn out? (2)

A
  • government does not have power to allow monopolies

- Congress can control interstate commerce

73
Q

How did Martin vs Hunter’s Lessee turn out? (1)

A
  • Supreme Court had power over state courts
74
Q

How did McCulloch vs Maryland turn out? (2)

A
  • Bank of US upheld

- Congress has “implied powers” to pass laws, since they can do anything “necessary and proper”

75
Q

2 things stated by Monroe Doctrine

A
  • declared that America could not be colonized

- other countries should stay out of American affairs

76
Q

three things that contributed to the revolution in American transportation

A
  • National Road
  • steamboat
  • powerful locomotive
77
Q

major east-west highway that helped trade and transportation

A

National Road

78
Q

invented the steamboat

A

Robert Fulton

79
Q

built an engine for America’s first powerful locomotive

A

Robert Cooper

80
Q

two big changes during Industrial Revolution

A
  • switch from hand tools to big machines

- switch from homemade goods to goods made in factories

81
Q

process in which a society goes from agricultural to manufacturing

A

industrialization

82
Q

occurs when individuals have their own money and can spend it or invest it in new technologies

A

free enterprise

83
Q

popularized interchangeable parts, creating factory processes

A

Eli Whitney

84
Q

he opened mills and used machines to mass produce cotton cloth, employed thousands

A

Lowell

85
Q

king crop of Southern economy

A

cotton

86
Q

machine that separated cotton balls from seeds

A

cotton gin

87
Q

they owned larges plantations with 5 or more slaves

A

planters

88
Q

smaller farmers with 4 or fewer slaves

A

yeoman farmers

89
Q

plantation system giving slaves a certain number of jobs each day that they had to complete; after that they could spend their time on their own

A

task system

90
Q

plantation system where slaves work in groups led by a driver

A

gang system

91
Q

5 parts of slave codes

A
  • slaves could not own property
  • could not leave property without permission
  • couldn’t own guns
  • couldn’t testify against whites
  • couldn’t read or write
92
Q

arrangement that prohibited slavery in Louisiana Purchase but allowed it in the south

A

Missouri Compromise

93
Q

In the election of 1824, __ was accused of getting votes for __ in exchange for a cabinet post

A

Clay, Adams

94
Q

what party was created during the election of 1824?

A

democrats

8 History (8 decks)

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