Chs. 5-7 Final exam Flashcards
a plan for a loose of the states under Congress
Articles of Confederation
3 powers given to Congress by the Articles of Confederation
1 - declare war
2 - raise an army
3 - sign treaties
2 powers NOT given to Congress by the Articles of Confederation
1 - create taxes
2 - regulate trade
problem with the Articles of Confederation
created a very weak central government
meeting to discuss a stronger national government
Constitutional Convention
when and where did the Constitutional Convention happen?
1787, Philadelphia
who suggested the Constitutional Convention?
Alexander Hamilton
problem solved by the Connecticut Compromise
should big and little states have same # reps in Congress?
another name for the Connecticut Compromise
Great Compromise
the Connecticut Compromise proposed that Congress should be divided into two __
houses
two houses of Congress
House of Representatives and Senate
each state gets __ senators, regardless of population
two
problem solved by the Three-Fifths Compromise
should slaves should count for representation in Congress?
solution in the Three-Fifths compromise
every slave counted for ⅗ of one person
group who supported a strong central government with a Constitution
Federalists
group who favored a weaker central government, and generally opposed the Constitution
Antifederalists
three famous Federalists
Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, James Madion
two famous Antifederalists
John Hancock, Patrick Henry
document that was supposed to strengthen the federal government
Constitution
how many states needed to approve the Constitution?
nine
two states that did not approve of the Constitution
Rhode Island and North Carolina
fancy word for “approving” the Constitution
ratification
three important ideas in the Constitution
- popular sovereignty
- federalism
- separation of powers
rule by the people
popular sovereignty
split in power between federal government and states
federalism
three branches of federal government
- executive
- legislative
- judicial
who is in the executive branch?
president, cabinet, other departments
job of executive branch
carry out Congress’s laws; veto power over Congress
who is in the legislative branch?
Congress (House of Representatives and Senate)
two jobs of legislative branch
make laws, control federal spending
two jobs of the Senate
- approve president’s treaties
- confirm presidential appointments
one job of the House of Representatives
impeach (bring charges against) a federal official
job of the judicial branch
interpret laws and the Constitution
Why did James Madison want to pass the Bill of Rights?
He hoped that they would build support for the new government among the people
How many amendments were there in the Bill of Rights?
12, but the states only approved 10
What did the first 8 amendments in the Bill of Rights do?
protect the rights of individuals against the government
What did the 9th amendment in the Bill of Rights do?
says that the people have all the rights not listed
What did the 10th amendment in the Bill of Rights do?
says that the states have all the powers not given to the federal government
powers specifically given to the federal government in the Constitution
enumerated powers
a paper note issued by the government, promising to pay someone back with interest
bond
Hamilton asked Congress to create a national ___
bank
Eventually, the Bank of the US was created. Congress said that, since a national bank was necessary and proper, it was an ___ power
implied
In 1791, Congress angered Western farmers by putting a tax on ___
whiskey
In response to the whiskey tax, what did Western farmers do?
rebel
How did Washington deal with the Whiskey Rebellion?
sent 15,000 troops and crushed it
Why did Washington’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion worry some people?
He used American troops against American people
right of the Supreme Court to declare a law passed by Congress unconstititutional
judicial review
case that created the idea of judicial review
Marbury vs. Madison
chief justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years
John Marshall
Thomas Jefferson bought __ from Napoleon
Louisiana Territory
two effects of Louisiana Purchase
- US doubled its size
- US gained control of whole Mississippi River
__ and __ explored the Louisiana Territory
Lewis and Clark
causes for War of 1812
- British and French sanctions against US
- impressment
British practice of kidnapping and using American sailors as soldiers
impressment
law lifting all US trade taxes except those relating to Britain or France
Non-Intercourse Act
law temporarily lifting British trade embargoes, aimed at ending impressment
Macon’s Bill #2
author of “Star-Spangled Banner”
Francis Scott Key
last battle of War of 1812, US victory
Battle of New Orleans
treaty that ended War of 1812
Treaty of Ghent
3 results of War of 1812
- no territory changes
- increased US prestige overseas
- stimulated US patriotism and unity
period after War of 1812 during Monroe’s presidency, American s felt national loyalty, only one national party
Era of Good Feelings
two types of tariffs
protective and revenue
tax designed to raise money for government
revenue tariff
tax designed to help American manufacturers by taxing imports from other countries
protective tariff
protective tariff passed after War of 1816
Tariff of 1816
3 ways nationalism was shown after War of 1812
- economic
- judicial
- diplomacy
How was economic nationalism shown? (2)
- Second Bank of US
- protective tariffs
How was judicial nationalism shown? (1)
- national court (Supreme Court) dominant over state courts
How was diplomatic nationalism shown? (2)
- gained Florida from Spain
- Monroe Doctrine
Chief Justice of Supreme Court, helped unify nation after war with three famous cases
John Marshall
John Marshall’s three famous cases
- Gibbons vs. Ogden
- Martin vs Hunter’s Lessee
- McCulloch vs Maryland
How did Gibbons vs. Ogden turn out? (2)
- government does not have power to allow monopolies
- Congress can control interstate commerce
How did Martin vs Hunter’s Lessee turn out? (1)
- Supreme Court had power over state courts
How did McCulloch vs Maryland turn out? (2)
- Bank of US upheld
- Congress has “implied powers” to pass laws, since they can do anything “necessary and proper”
2 things stated by Monroe Doctrine
- declared that America could not be colonized
- other countries should stay out of American affairs
three things that contributed to the revolution in American transportation
- National Road
- steamboat
- powerful locomotive
major east-west highway that helped trade and transportation
National Road
invented the steamboat
Robert Fulton
built an engine for America’s first powerful locomotive
Robert Cooper
two big changes during Industrial Revolution
- switch from hand tools to big machines
- switch from homemade goods to goods made in factories
process in which a society goes from agricultural to manufacturing
industrialization
occurs when individuals have their own money and can spend it or invest it in new technologies
free enterprise
popularized interchangeable parts, creating factory processes
Eli Whitney
he opened mills and used machines to mass produce cotton cloth, employed thousands
Lowell
king crop of Southern economy
cotton
machine that separated cotton balls from seeds
cotton gin
they owned larges plantations with 5 or more slaves
planters
smaller farmers with 4 or fewer slaves
yeoman farmers
plantation system giving slaves a certain number of jobs each day that they had to complete; after that they could spend their time on their own
task system
plantation system where slaves work in groups led by a driver
gang system
5 parts of slave codes
- slaves could not own property
- could not leave property without permission
- couldn’t own guns
- couldn’t testify against whites
- couldn’t read or write
arrangement that prohibited slavery in Louisiana Purchase but allowed it in the south
Missouri Compromise
In the election of 1824, __ was accused of getting votes for __ in exchange for a cabinet post
Clay, Adams
what party was created during the election of 1824?
democrats
