Ch. 2 Colonizing America Flashcards
He led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec
Hernan Cortes
He led the Spanish conquest of Cuba
Diego Velazquez
What advantage did the Spanish have over the Aztecs?
technology - weapons (guns, swords, cannons)
Aztec woman who became Cortes’s translator and advisor
Malinche
leader of the Aztecs who tried to negotiate but was defeated by Cortes
Montezuma
Spanish for “conqueror,” the men who led the expeditions to conquer the Americas
conquistador
fort built by the Spanish
presidio
low-ranking nobles who came to America as conquistadors
hidalgo
system of rewarding conquistadors tracts of land, including the right to tax and exact labor from Native Americans
encomienda
a huge ranch
hacienda
men who herded cattle on haciendas
vaquero
During the 1500s, explorers from ___ went to Mexico and Peru.
Spain
In Mexico and Peru, Spanish explorers enslaved Native __, spread ___ and conquered two civilizations
Americans, disease
Instead of conquering Native Americans, most settlers from ___ traded with them and learned their cultures
France
the mythical water route through North America to the Pacific Ocean
Northwest Passage
French fur traders who lived among the Native Americans
coureur de bois
Spanish captain who overthrew the Incan ruler and tried to institute Christianity
Pizarro
Native American religious leader who organized an uprising against the Spanish in 1680
Pope
Italian explorer commissioned by England who discovered the coast of North America
John Cabot
people who wanted to purify the Anglican Church
Puritans
Queen of England 1533-1603, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
Elizabeth I
organization in which many investors pool funds to raise large amounts of money for large projects
joint-stock company
At one point, France gained a vast American territory named __
Louisiana
What three groups of people in England were most interested in exploring the New World?
Puritans (place to practice their religion); poor and unemployed (new opportunities); merchants (new markets)
privately owned ship licensed by the government to attack ships of other countries
privateer
English explorer who landed in N. America and named that land Virginia in honor of the queen (the Virgin Queen)
Walter Raleigh
first permanent English settlement in N. America
Jamestown
first English colony in North America; it mysteriously vanished
Roanoke
the crop that saved Jamestown
tobacco
English colony founded to give Catholics a place to practice their religion
Maryland
system that granted settlers land in exchange for settling in Virginia
headright
a colony owned by an individual
proprietary colony
a Puritan who broke away from the Anglican Church
Separatist
a Separatist who journeyed to the American colonies in the 1600s for religious freedom
Pilgrim
person whose religious beliefs differ from the beliefs of the majority
heretic
one of Plymouth Colony’s leaders
William Bradford
Native American who taught Pilgrims about their new environment
Squanto
originally a business investment which became a refuge for Puritans
Massachusetts Bay Company
opposition to war or violence as a means to settle disputes
pacifism
struggle between King Charles I of England and Parliament, largely consisting of Puritans
English Civil War
law that granted religious toleration to all Christians in Maryland and was intended to protect the Catholics from Protestants
Maryland Toleration Act
English colony whose charter emphasized religious freedom with separation of church and state
Rhode Island
English colony that was ruled by strict Protestants and had restrictive laws
Massachusetts
After the ____, England was interested in colonization again
English Civil War
England seized the successful Dutch colony of New ___ and renamed it New ___; the rest became New Jersey
Netherlands; York
A portion of New Netherlands became New York, but the rest became New __
Jersey
The king granted William Penn a ___ to found ___
charter; Pennsylvania
William Penn’s religion
Quaker
William Penn wanted to start a colony with complete political and religious __
freedom
Part of Penn’s territory later became a colony called __
Delaware
after years of turmoil, England restored the monarchy with Charles II
Restoration
