Ch. 5 Flashcards
THREE powers given to the central government by the Articles of Confederation
1 - declare war
2 - raise armies
3 - sign treaties
TWO powers NOT given to the central government by the Articles of Confederation
1 - create taxes
2 - regulate trade
document for creating a loose union of states (weak central government) after the Revolutionary War
Articles of Confederation
What did the Confederation Congress do in order to raise money?
sold land in the NW territory
laws created by the Confederation Congress to govern the NW territory
Northwest Ordinance
3 rights guaranteed by NW ordinance
- free religion
- property
- trial by jury
What was forbidden by the NW Ordinance?
slavery
What was the Confederation Congress’s trade success?
treaty with France that said they could sell to French colonies in Caribbean
What was the trade failure of the Confederation Congress?
Different states charged Britain different duties (taxes on imported good) –> states argued
What was the diplomacy failure of the Confederation Congress?
Treaty of Paris (which ended the Revolutionary War) said that Americans had to return Loyalist property –> states didn’t want to and Congress was too weak to force them –> British soldiers stayed in America and refused to leave
TWO economic problems facing Confederation Congress
- recession (economic slowdown)
- inflation (money becomes worth less and prices go up)
cause of Shays’s rebellion
poor Massachusetts farmers were upset at new taxes –> scared they would lose their land –> shot down courthouse –> unsuccessful
Why was the Constitutional Convention called?
to strengthen central government but balance it with states’ rights
nationalists
people who support strong central government (later they’ll be called federalists)
nationalist from Virginia who convinced everyone to change Articles of Confederation
James Madison
New York delegate who recommended the Constitutional Convention
Alexander Hamilton
only state to not participate in Constitutional Convention
Rhode Island (they liked a weak central government)
Constitutional Convention (who? where?)
55 delegates, Philadelphia
he presided over the Constitutional Convention
George Washington
SIX provisions of the Virginia Plan
- eliminate Articles of Confederation
- create new national government with 3 branches
- make laws that limit states
- raise money for national government through taxes
- legislature (Congress) with two houses
- number of representatives from each state was based on state population
Who proposed the Virginia Plan?
Randolph
problem with Virginia Plan
favored big states with lots of people
Who proposed the New Jersey Plan?
William Paterson
THREE provisions of the New Jersey Plan
- modify Articles of Confederation
- Congress could tax and regulate trade
- each state equally represented in Congress, regardless of population
another name for the Connecticut Compromise
Great Compromise
What was the biggest difference between the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan?
Virginia wanted the number of a state’s representatives in Congress to be based on state population, New Jersey wanted every state to have the same number of representatives
What WAS the great compromise?
Congress would have TWO houses
- Senate - every state had two senators
- House of Representatives - states had representatives based on their population
Compromise over slaves in a state’s population
Three-Fifths Compromise: slaves each counted for 3/5 of a person
changes to the Constitution
amendments
document created by the Constitutional Convention, creating the framework for a limited government
U.S. Constitution
phrase meaning that the different branches of government are divided
separation of powers
phrase meaning that the different branches of government have the ability to limit each other’s power
checks and balances
what is required for an amendment to be made to the Constitution?
- proposal requires 2/3 of states
- ratification requires 3/4 of states
government branch responsible for interpreting laws
judicial
government branch responsible for enforcing and implementing laws
executive
government branch responsible for making laws
legistlative
