Chronic Adaptations Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does VO2 max measure?

A

The peak volume of oxygen that someone’s body can take in, transport and utilise

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2
Q

What happens to a trained athletes breathing when exercising?

A

They take fewer breaths per minute, even though more oxygen is being delivered to the blood

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3
Q

Why are trained athletes able to take fewer breaths per minute?

A

They have a higher tidal volume due to chronic adaptations, therefore the amount of oxygen inhaled per breath is greater

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4
Q

What is the average tidal volume of an untrained person?

A

470 ml

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5
Q

What is the average tidal volume of a trained marathon runner?

A

695 ml

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6
Q

What is the resting respiration rate of an untrained person?

A

15 BPM

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7
Q

What is the resting respiration rate of a trained marathon runner?

A

9 BPM

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8
Q

Why should marathon runners include anaerobic training in their programs?

A

Because it allows for better running economy

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9
Q

What does muscular hypertrophy involve?

A

An enlargement of mostly type 2 or fast-twitch muscle fibres

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10
Q

What does the PC in ATP-PC stand for?

A

Phosphocreatine

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11
Q

How does the ATP-PC energy system provide energy for muscle contraction?

A

Firstly breaking down ATP to form ADP molecules and a single phosphate

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12
Q

What is an increase in enzymes associated with?

A

Muscular hypertrophy

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13
Q

What is the comparison between the anaerobic glycolysis and ATP-PC systems?

A

The anaerobic system produces less power, but over a longer period of time

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14
Q

What does regular anaerobic training result in and improve?

A

Muscles storing more glycogen and breaking down glucose, improving the body’s neuromuscular functioning

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15
Q

What occurs as a result of regular aerobic exercise?

A

Slow-twitch muscle fibres are able to produce more muscle energy more efficiently

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16
Q

Why are slow-twitch muscle fibres able to produce energy more efficiently?

A

Mitochondria in the cells increase in number and become larger in size

17
Q

What happens when an athlete goes beyond their LIP?

A

Lactate is produced in the muscles faster than it is removed, and there is a build-up

18
Q

What does the body rely on more when it goes beyond LIP?

A

The anaerobic glycolysis system, because there id not enough oxygen in the blood to prevent lactate build-up

19
Q

What is a chronic adaptation to aerobic exercise which improves LIP?

A

More ATP is produced, and an athlete’s LIP increases, so that they can work at higher rates for longer without experiencing fatigue