Chronic Adaptations Part 1

Question 1

What is stroke volume?

Answer 1

The volume of oxygenated blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat

Question 2

What is the equation for cardiac output?

Answer 2

Cardiac Output (Q) = Heart Rate (HR) + Stroke Volume (SV)

Question 3

What is an example of a chronic adaptation to exercise?

Answer 3

Cardiac hypertrophy

Question 4

Why does a trained athlete’s arteriovenous oxygen difference increase?

Answer 4

Their muscles can extract more oxygen from blood during exercise

Question 5

During exercise, how does an athlete’s arteriovenous oxygen difference change?

Answer 5

It can increase from its resting figure by 3-4 times

Question 6

How many litres of total blood volume do males and females have?

Answer 6

Females have 4-5 litres, males have 5-6 litres

Question 7

How much more blood does a trained endurance athlete have compared to an untrained person?

Answer 7

25% more blood

Question 8

How is maximum heart rate calculated?

Answer 8

220 BPM - Age

Question 9

Which energy systems does fartlek training use?

Answer 9

Mostly the aerobic system, but because of varying terrains and speeds, the anaerobic system also comes into play

Question 10

Which energy systems does interval training use?

Answer 10

Both anaerobic and aerobic systems, because of the alternation of high intensity exercise and periods of rest

Question 11

Which energy system does continuous training use?

Answer 11

Aerobic system because it consists of long periods of exercise

Question 12

What is the stroke volume of elite endurance athletes during maximal exercise?

Answer 12

200 ml/ beat

Question 13

What is the stroke volume of trained and untrained people at rest?

Answer 13

60-70 ml/beat

Question 14

What is the stroke volume of an untrained person during maximal exercise?

Answer 14

100 ml/beat

Question 15

What is the stroke volume of a trained athlete during maximal exercise?

Answer 15

125 ml/beat

Question 16

How long do chronic adaptations to regular aerobic exercise take and when do they become more apparent?

Answer 16

8 weeks to take effect, 12 weeks to become more apparent

Question 17

What is tidal volume?

Answer 17

A measure of the amount of air entering the lungs during normal breathing

Question 18

What is lung ventilation?

Answer 18

The movement of air between the environment and lungs

Question 19

Why does the surface area within the lungs increase with regular exercise?

Answer 19

Because there is production of more alveoli

Question 20

What occurs at the alveoli?

Answer 20

Gaseous exchange within the lungs

Question 21

What is the equation for lung ventilation?

Answer 21

Lung Ventilation = Tidal Volume x Respiration Rate

Question 22

What does regular aerobic training do to the lungs?

Answer 22

Causes them to increase in size

Question 23

What is lactate inflection point (LIP)?

Answer 23

The point where maximal lactate production in the body during exercise is balanced by maximum lactate removal