Chromosomes to Genomes Flashcards
What is DNA?
Molecules that carry heritable information.
What are the units DNA is found in?
Chromosomes.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid.
What is the structure of DNA normally associated as?
A double Helix.
What makes up DNA?
Repeating nucleotides and a sugar phosphate backbone.
What is a gene?
A section of DNA.
What are the “nitrogenous” bases that make up the repeating nucleotides?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine.
What is the rule with the bases?
That Adenine can only pair with Thymine and Guanine can only pair with Cytosine.
what type of bond does the sugar phosphate backbone have?
Strong covalent bonds.
what bond joins the bases to form the double helix?
weak hydrogen bonds.
what are some other parts of DNA used for?
For regulation, some are junk, other functions and the rest are unknown.
what do the regulatory parts of DNA regulate…
They regulate how long a gene is active for.
What are the parts of the DNA that are non coding do?
They stabilize telomeres, aid in the allignment of chromosomes, aid in packing other DNA and signals to start other DNA making (cell growth, repair and reproduction)
What are Alleles?
An alternative form of a gene.
Where can eukaryotes have DNA?
In the mitochondria.
