Chromosomes, Pedigrees and Mutations 3.5 U3 Flashcards
What is gene linkage?
Genes on the same chromosomes can “break” the law of independent assortment The closer together they are, the most likely they are to be “linked”Unlikely to be split apart during crossing over in Meiosis I
What is the law of independent assortment?
Alleles get independently assorted
How are gene map units created and used?
Crossover frequencies can be converted into map units.We can use the frequency of crossing-over to determine the relative distance between genes on the same chromosome.
What is the purpose of Human Pedigrees?
Shows presence or absence of a trait according to relationships within a family across generations
Autosomal Inheritance Dominant Traits? EX
every individual with the trait must have a parent with itwithout any other context, shading = AA or AaExample = Huntington’s disease
Autosomal Inheritance Recessive Traits? EX
individual with the trait may or may not have a parent with itwithout any other context, shading = aaNon-shaded could be AA or Aa!Example = Sickle Cell Anemia
X-Linked Recessive Traits? EX
males are more likely to show recessive traitsshading = XaXa, XaYNon-shaded could be XAXA, XAXa, or XAYExample = Red-green colorblindness
What is a mutation?
A change in the genetic material
What are two main types of mutation?
Gene mutation Chromosomal mutation
What is Locus?
Location of gene or DNA sequence
What is Germ-line mutation?
From gametes
What is Somatic Mutations?
Not gametes
What is wild type protein?
normal protein
What is point mutation?
a change in one base pair of the sequence
What are the types of point mutations?
Silent, Missense, Nonsense