Chromosomes, Genes and DNA

Question 1

How many sugar phosphate chains make up 1 molecule of DNA?

Answer 1

2

Question 2

How does all the information in DNA fit into a cell nucleus?

Answer 2

DNA packaging

Question 3

What is the ‘beads on a string’ structure made up of?

Answer 3

Many histone cores with DNA wrapped around them.

Question 4

During cell replication, what happens to the ‘beads on a string’ structure?

Answer 4

Coils up to become a solenoid

Question 5

What is a gene?

Answer 5

A section of DNA that codes for 1 protein

Question 6

How many chromosomes are in the human genome?

Answer 6

23 pairs

46 individual

Question 7

What is a nucleic acid?

Answer 7

A polynucleotide (linear polymers of nucleotides)

Question 8

Name the two types of pentose sugars involved in RNA and DNA

Answer 8

RNA- ribose

DNA- 2-deoxyribose

Question 9

What charge does the phosphate group have in a nucleotide?

Answer 9

Negative

Question 10

What are bigger, purines or pyrimidines?

Answer 10

Purines

Question 11

List the 2 purine bases found in DNA

Answer 11

Adenine

Guanine

Question 12

List the 2 pyrimidine bases involved in DNA. And a third involved in RNA

Answer 12

DNA: Cytosine, Thymine
RNA: Uracil

Question 13

How is a DNA chain’s polarity labelled?

Answer 13

5’ at the phosphate end

3’ at the OH end

Question 14

How do the nitrogenous bases pair up?

Answer 14

C-G
A-T
A-U

Question 15

What structure shape does DNA form?

Answer 15

Alpha helix

Question 16

How many hydrogen bonds form between G-C bases?

Answer 16

3

Question 17

How many hydrogen bonds form between A-T bases?

Answer 17

2