Chromosome Introduction Flashcards
These are structures which act as carriers of genes.
Chromosomes
These are the units of heredity.
Genes
This is the reason why in an active nucleus, chromosomes are not visible.
H2O Content
He is the first to described the chromosomes in 1875.
Eduard Adolf Strasburger
He is the first to use the term chromosome.
Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz
This is the etymology of the word chromosome.
Chromo is color and Soma is body.
This is the phase wherein the chromosome number is readily counted.
Metaphase
These are the two types if chromosomes.
Autosomal (22) and Sex (1).
The corresponding sex chromosome pair.
XX for male and XY for female.
The German anatomist that identified the fibrous network within the nucleus.
Walther Flemming
This is what the German anatomist named what he discovered; the fibrous network.
He named them chromatin.
This is the other term for chromatin.
Sustainable Material
This is the term for the thread-like structure wherein it is the greek word for thread.
Mitosen
This pertains to the whole set of chromosomes. Also, comprises of haploids, diploids, etc.
Euploidy
This contains one set of chromosomes and known as a haploid.
Gametes or sex cells
This contains two sets if chromosomes known as diploids.
Somatic cells
These are sets if chromosomes present in multiples of n.
Polyploidy
This occurs when only a few chromosomes are involved in the charged in chromosome number and not entire sets.
Aneuploidy
These are the forms of aneuploidy and their corresponding chromosomes counts.
- Monosomy (2n - 1)
- Trisomy (2n + 1)
- Nullisomy (2n - 2)
- Tetrasomy (2n + 2)
This is the phase where the chromosomes are the longest and thinnest.
Interphase
This is the phase wherein the chromosome decrease in length and increase in thickness.
Prophase
The phase where chromosomes are easily observed; the thickest, short, and well spread. Also size variation is usually taken in the phase.
Metaphase
This phase is where the chromosomes are at their smallest since they are divided at the centromere and sister chromatid are separated from each other.
Anaphase
This is the size variation in terms of length and diameter of animal and plant chromosomes during the mitotic phase.
0.5u to 32u in length
0.2u to 30u in diameter
This is the specie that has the longest metaphase chromosomes.
Trillium (32u in length)
This is the animal with a giant chromosome that has a length up to 300u and a diameter of 10u.
Dipterans
This is generally a photographic representation of metaphase chromosomes lined up in descending order of size and centromeres kept at a straight line.
Karyotyping
This gives us an organisms’s correct number of chromosomes, correct size and shape, and gender.
Karyotyping
He described this material as the primary constriction of chromosomes.
Walther Flemming
This is described as the constricted region whose location establishes the general appearance of the chromosomes.
Centeomere
This is the region wherein specialized chromatin is located within the each constricted chromosome.
Centeomere
This is responsible for kinetochore assembly and sister chromatid attachment.
Centromere
These are the classification if chromosomes based on the position of the centromere.
- Telocentric (at the end)
- Acrocentric (close to the end)
- Sub-metacentric (between middle and end)
- Metacentric (middle)
This is a protein complex of which assembles on the centromere before cell division for the future attachment of spindle microtubules.
Kinetochore
This is essential for the appropriate chromosomal segregation during mitosis.
Spindle fibers
This is the amount of proteins in order to make a mature kinetochore.
80 or more
This is a disc shaped protein structure needed in the duplication of chromatids in eukaryotic cells where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart.
Kinetochore
This is the characteristic of kinetochore which is similar to Chinese finger straps.
The more you pull on it the tighter it holds.
These are the two ends of a chromosome required for stability and replication.
Telomere