Chromosome Introduction

Question 1

These are structures which act as carriers of genes.

Answer 1

Chromosomes

Question 2

These are the units of heredity.

Answer 2

Genes

Question 3

This is the reason why in an active nucleus, chromosomes are not visible.

Answer 3

H2O Content

Question 4

He is the first to described the chromosomes in 1875.

Answer 4

Eduard Adolf Strasburger

Question 5

He is the first to use the term chromosome.

Answer 5

Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz

Question 6

This is the etymology of the word chromosome.

Answer 6

Chromo is color and Soma is body.

Question 7

This is the phase wherein the chromosome number is readily counted.

Answer 7

Metaphase

Question 8

These are the two types if chromosomes.

Answer 8

Autosomal (22) and Sex (1).

Question 9

The corresponding sex chromosome pair.

Answer 9

XX for male and XY for female.

Question 10

The German anatomist that identified the fibrous network within the nucleus.

Answer 10

Walther Flemming

Question 11

This is what the German anatomist named what he discovered; the fibrous network.

Answer 11

He named them chromatin.

Question 12

This is the other term for chromatin.

Answer 12

Sustainable Material

Question 13

This is the term for the thread-like structure wherein it is the greek word for thread.

Answer 13

Mitosen

Question 14

This pertains to the whole set of chromosomes. Also, comprises of haploids, diploids, etc.

Answer 14

Euploidy

Question 15

This contains one set of chromosomes and known as a haploid.

Answer 15

Gametes or sex cells

Question 16

This contains two sets if chromosomes known as diploids.

Answer 16

Somatic cells

Question 17

These are sets if chromosomes present in multiples of n.

Answer 17

Polyploidy

Question 18

This occurs when only a few chromosomes are involved in the charged in chromosome number and not entire sets.

Answer 18

Aneuploidy

Question 19

These are the forms of aneuploidy and their corresponding chromosomes counts.

Answer 19

1. Monosomy (2n - 1)
2. Trisomy (2n + 1)
3. Nullisomy (2n - 2)
4. Tetrasomy (2n + 2)

Question 20

This is the phase where the chromosomes are the longest and thinnest.

Answer 20

Interphase

Question 21

This is the phase wherein the chromosome decrease in length and increase in thickness.

Answer 21

Prophase

Question 22

The phase where chromosomes are easily observed; the thickest, short, and well spread. Also size variation is usually taken in the phase.

Answer 22

Metaphase

Question 23

This phase is where the chromosomes are at their smallest since they are divided at the centromere and sister chromatid are separated from each other.

Answer 23

Anaphase

Question 24

This is the size variation in terms of length and diameter of animal and plant chromosomes during the mitotic phase.

Answer 24

0.5u to 32u in length
0.2u to 30u in diameter

Question 25

This is the specie that has the longest metaphase chromosomes.

Answer 25

Trillium (32u in length)

Question 26

This is the animal with a giant chromosome that has a length up to 300u and a diameter of 10u.

Answer 26

Dipterans

Question 27

This is generally a photographic representation of metaphase chromosomes lined up in descending order of size and centromeres kept at a straight line.

Answer 27

Karyotyping

Question 28

This gives us an organisms’s correct number of chromosomes, correct size and shape, and gender.

Answer 28

Karyotyping

Question 29

He described this material as the primary constriction of chromosomes.

Answer 29

Walther Flemming

Question 30

This is described as the constricted region whose location establishes the general appearance of the chromosomes.

Answer 30

Centeomere

Question 31

This is the region wherein specialized chromatin is located within the each constricted chromosome.

Answer 31

Centeomere

Question 32

This is responsible for kinetochore assembly and sister chromatid attachment.

Answer 32

Centromere

Question 33

These are the classification if chromosomes based on the position of the centromere.

Answer 33

1. Telocentric (at the end)
2. Acrocentric (close to the end)
3. Sub-metacentric (between middle and end)
4. Metacentric (middle)

Question 34

This is a protein complex of which assembles on the centromere before cell division for the future attachment of spindle microtubules.

Answer 34

Kinetochore

Question 35

This is essential for the appropriate chromosomal segregation during mitosis.

Answer 35

Spindle fibers

Question 36

This is the amount of proteins in order to make a mature kinetochore.

Answer 36

80 or more

Question 37

This is a disc shaped protein structure needed in the duplication of chromatids in eukaryotic cells where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart.

Answer 37

Kinetochore

Question 38

This is the characteristic of kinetochore which is similar to Chinese finger straps.

Answer 38

The more you pull on it the tighter it holds.

Question 39

These are the two ends of a chromosome required for stability and replication.

Answer 39

Telomere