Cellular Division Flashcards
This is a process of cell duplication, or reproduction, during which one cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
This is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
Meiosis
These are the respective daughter cells of mitosis and meiosis.
2: Mitosis and 4: Meiosis
This is called the resting or quiescent phase.
Gap 0 or G0 Phase
This is the phase wherein it is referred to as a non-cycling state or inactive state.
Gap 0 or G0 Phase
This is the non-dividing stage of cells.
Interphase
This is the longest phase in eukaryotic cell division.
Interphase
This is the phase where DNA and chromosomes gets replicated.
Interphase
These are the stages in cell division of the interphase.
Gap 1, Synthesis, and Gap 2
This is stage where amino acids get synthesized.
Gap 1 Sub-phase
This is the stage within interphase where the DNA and chromosomes are replicated.
Synthesis Sub-phase
This is the stage where structures are formed that help divide the cell into two.
Gap 2 Sub-phase
This refers to the structure that help the cell divide into two using fibrous strings.
Microtubules
This is the term where the two stages of division (karyokinesis and cytokinesis) happen.
M Phase or Mitotic Phase
This is called the dividing stage.
M Phase or Mitotic Phase
This is the sub-phase where the division of the nucleus occurs.
Karyokinesis
This is referred to as the first stage of the M phase of cellular division.
Karyokinesis
This is referred to as the second stage of the M phase of cellular division.
Cytokinesis
This is when the cytoplasm forms two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis.
Cytokinesis
This is when nuclear division occurs in eukaryotic cells.
Mitosis
These are the two types of cells found in mitosis.
- Somatic Cells
- Reproductive Cells
These are examples of somatic cells.
Blood Cells, Epithelial Cells, Bone Cells, etc.
These are the types of white blood cells.
- Acidophils
- Basophils
- Neutrophils
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
White blood cells can be conveniently divided into two types.
- Granulocytes
- Agranulocytes
This type of WBC is the first to respond during an infection.
Neutrophils
The main pathogen this WBC targets are bacteria.
Neutrophils
This type of WBC is the second to respond during an infection, in case the first is not enough.
Monocytes
This type of WBC increases during allergic reactions.
Basophils
It is an enzyme that breaks down protein made from blood clots.
Plasmin
These are the types of reproductive cells.
- Sperm Cells
- Egg Cells
This serves as the fuel source of reproductive cells, especially sperm, in order to propel themselves.
Fructose
It is said that sperm cells contain more protein than this object.
Eggs
These are the stages of mitosis.
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
This is where the nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate.
Prophase
This is where the nucleoli disappear.
Prophase
This is where DNA begins to supercoil and appear as chromosomes.
Prophase
This is the phase wherein the chromosomes prepare to navigate towards the middle of the cell.
The chromosoemes are not in the middle yet.
Prophase
This when chromosomes pair up into sister chromatids and form in the middle.
Metaphase
This is when centrioles start to appear at both poles of the cell.
Metaphase
The formation of spindle fibers and their attachment to kinetochores.
Metaphase
This is the meaning behind kinetochore.
Kineto means “to move” and Chore means “to spread.”
The number of kinetochores found in each centromere.
2
This is where spindle fibers attach themselves on.
Kinetochore
This is when sister chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite poles.
Anaphase
This is where the formation of cleavage appears.
Anaphase
This is when the nuclear membrane reappears.
Telophase
This refers to the phase where DNA begin to diffuse into the nucleus.
Telophase
This is when the nucleoli reappear.
Telophase
This is when (4) daughter cells that are half the number of parents cells via double division.
Meiosis
Mostly referred to as a “haploid” chromosome number, in contrast with its “diploid” parent cell.
Meiosis
This plays a crucial role in the sexual reproduction of eukaryotes.
Meiosis
These are the number of stages of meiosis.
9 Stages (Interphase and two cycles of the [4] stages of Mitosis)
This is a point of overlap between two pair chromatids at which fusion and genetic exchange takes place.
Chiasmata
This is an overlapping process that takes place during the prophase of meiosis.
Chiasmata
This can occur between two strands of chromosomes during genetic material transfer.
Recombination
These are the sub-stages of Prophase
- Leptotene
- Zygotene
- Pachytene
- Diplotene
- Diakinesis
This stage is when chromosomes become visible as two fine threats within the nucleus.
Leptotene
This is when the chromosomes condense into each other in the nuclear envelope.
Leptotene
This is when homologous chromosomes form pairs during synapsis.
Zygotene
This is when synaptonemal complexed begin to form.
Zygotene
The specific place where homologous chromosomes pair up.
Synapses
This subphase is where chromosome chiasmata occur.
Pachytene
This is where paired chromosomes shorten and thicken.
Pachytene
This is when DNA exchange of non-sister chromatids occur.
Pachytene
Another term when DNA is exchanged between non-sister chromatids.
Crossing Over
This is when the chromosomes separate only slightly.
Diplotene
This is when paired chromosomes begin to separate into two pairs of sister chromatids (still remaining in contact with each other)
Diplotene
This is the end of synapsis, and the chiasmata becomes visible within the bivalent.
Diplotene
This sub-phase is when the nucleolus disappears.
Diakinesis
This sub-phase is when the nuclear envelop disintegrates completely.
Diakinesis
This sub-phase is when spindle fibers begin to form.
Diakinesis
This is when the exchange of information has ended and shared pieces of genetic material are found within two separate chromosomes.
Diakinesis
These are involved in moving and segregating the chromosomes during nuclear division.
Spindle Fibers
This is the term for the first cycle of meiosis.
Reductional Phase
This is the term for the second cycle of meiosis.
Equational Phase
