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Cytogenetics > Cellular Division > Flashcards

Cellular Division Flashcards

1
Q

This is a process of cell duplication, or reproduction, during which one cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells.

A

Mitosis

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2
Q

This is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

A

Meiosis

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3
Q

These are the respective daughter cells of mitosis and meiosis.

A

2: Mitosis and 4: Meiosis

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4
Q

This is called the resting or quiescent phase.

A

Gap 0 or G0 Phase

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5
Q

This is the phase wherein it is referred to as a non-cycling state or inactive state.

A

Gap 0 or G0 Phase

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6
Q

This is the non-dividing stage of cells.

A

Interphase

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7
Q

This is the longest phase in eukaryotic cell division.

A

Interphase

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8
Q

This is the phase where DNA and chromosomes gets replicated.

A

Interphase

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9
Q

These are the stages in cell division of the interphase.

A

Gap 1, Synthesis, and Gap 2

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10
Q

This is stage where amino acids get synthesized.

A

Gap 1 Sub-phase

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11
Q

This is the stage within interphase where the DNA and chromosomes are replicated.

A

Synthesis Sub-phase

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12
Q

This is the stage where structures are formed that help divide the cell into two.

A

Gap 2 Sub-phase

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13
Q

This refers to the structure that help the cell divide into two using fibrous strings.

A

Microtubules

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14
Q

This is the term where the two stages of division (karyokinesis and cytokinesis) happen.

A

M Phase or Mitotic Phase

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15
Q

This is called the dividing stage.

A

M Phase or Mitotic Phase

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16
Q

This is the sub-phase where the division of the nucleus occurs.

A

Karyokinesis

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17
Q

This is referred to as the first stage of the M phase of cellular division.

A

Karyokinesis

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18
Q

This is referred to as the second stage of the M phase of cellular division.

A

Cytokinesis

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19
Q

This is when the cytoplasm forms two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis.

A

Cytokinesis

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20
Q

This is when nuclear division occurs in eukaryotic cells.

A

Mitosis

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21
Q

These are the two types of cells found in mitosis.

A
  1. Somatic Cells
  2. Reproductive Cells
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22
Q

These are examples of somatic cells.

A

Blood Cells, Epithelial Cells, Bone Cells, etc.

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23
Q

These are the types of white blood cells.

A
  1. Acidophils
  2. Basophils
  3. Neutrophils
  4. Lymphocytes
  5. Monocytes
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24
Q

White blood cells can be conveniently divided into two types.

A
  1. Granulocytes
  2. Agranulocytes
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25
Q

This type of WBC is the first to respond during an infection.

A

Neutrophils

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26
Q

The main pathogen this WBC targets are bacteria.

A

Neutrophils

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27
Q

This type of WBC is the second to respond during an infection, in case the first is not enough.

A

Monocytes

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28
Q

This type of WBC increases during allergic reactions.

A

Basophils

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29
Q

It is an enzyme that breaks down protein made from blood clots.

A

Plasmin

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30
Q

These are the types of reproductive cells.

A
  1. Sperm Cells
  2. Egg Cells
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31
Q

This serves as the fuel source of reproductive cells, especially sperm, in order to propel themselves.

A

Fructose

32
Q

It is said that sperm cells contain more protein than this object.

A

Eggs

33
Q

These are the stages of mitosis.

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
34
Q

This is where the nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate.

A

Prophase

35
Q

This is where the nucleoli disappear.

A

Prophase

36
Q

This is where DNA begins to supercoil and appear as chromosomes.

A

Prophase

37
Q

This is the phase wherein the chromosomes prepare to navigate towards the middle of the cell.

The chromosoemes are not in the middle yet.

A

Prophase

38
Q

This when chromosomes pair up into sister chromatids and form in the middle.

A

Metaphase

39
Q

This is when centrioles start to appear at both poles of the cell.

A

Metaphase

40
Q

The formation of spindle fibers and their attachment to kinetochores.

A

Metaphase

41
Q

This is the meaning behind kinetochore.

A

Kineto means “to move” and Chore means “to spread.”

42
Q

The number of kinetochores found in each centromere.

A

2

43
Q

This is where spindle fibers attach themselves on.

A

Kinetochore

44
Q

This is when sister chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite poles.

A

Anaphase

45
Q

This is where the formation of cleavage appears.

A

Anaphase

46
Q

This is when the nuclear membrane reappears.

A

Telophase

47
Q

This refers to the phase where DNA begin to diffuse into the nucleus.

A

Telophase

48
Q

This is when the nucleoli reappear.

A

Telophase

49
Q

This is when (4) daughter cells that are half the number of parents cells via double division.

A

Meiosis

50
Q

Mostly referred to as a “haploid” chromosome number, in contrast with its “diploid” parent cell.

A

Meiosis

51
Q

This plays a crucial role in the sexual reproduction of eukaryotes.

A

Meiosis

52
Q

These are the number of stages of meiosis.

A

9 Stages (Interphase and two cycles of the [4] stages of Mitosis)

53
Q

This is a point of overlap between two pair chromatids at which fusion and genetic exchange takes place.

A

Chiasmata

54
Q

This is an overlapping process that takes place during the prophase of meiosis.

A

Chiasmata

55
Q

This can occur between two strands of chromosomes during genetic material transfer.

A

Recombination

56
Q

These are the sub-stages of Prophase

A
  1. Leptotene
  2. Zygotene
  3. Pachytene
  4. Diplotene
  5. Diakinesis
57
Q

This stage is when chromosomes become visible as two fine threats within the nucleus.

A

Leptotene

58
Q

This is when the chromosomes condense into each other in the nuclear envelope.

A

Leptotene

59
Q

This is when homologous chromosomes form pairs during synapsis.

A

Zygotene

60
Q

This is when synaptonemal complexed begin to form.

A

Zygotene

61
Q

The specific place where homologous chromosomes pair up.

A

Synapses

62
Q

This subphase is where chromosome chiasmata occur.

A

Pachytene

63
Q

This is where paired chromosomes shorten and thicken.

A

Pachytene

64
Q

This is when DNA exchange of non-sister chromatids occur.

A

Pachytene

65
Q

Another term when DNA is exchanged between non-sister chromatids.

A

Crossing Over

66
Q

This is when the chromosomes separate only slightly.

A

Diplotene

67
Q

This is when paired chromosomes begin to separate into two pairs of sister chromatids (still remaining in contact with each other)

A

Diplotene

68
Q

This is the end of synapsis, and the chiasmata becomes visible within the bivalent.

A

Diplotene

69
Q

This sub-phase is when the nucleolus disappears.

A

Diakinesis

70
Q

This sub-phase is when the nuclear envelop disintegrates completely.

A

Diakinesis

71
Q

This sub-phase is when spindle fibers begin to form.

A

Diakinesis

72
Q

This is when the exchange of information has ended and shared pieces of genetic material are found within two separate chromosomes.

A

Diakinesis

73
Q

These are involved in moving and segregating the chromosomes during nuclear division.

A

Spindle Fibers

74
Q

This is the term for the first cycle of meiosis.

A

Reductional Phase

75
Q

This is the term for the second cycle of meiosis.

A

Equational Phase

Cytogenetics (15 decks)

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