Chromosomal Inheritance

Question 1

synaptonemal complex

Answer 1

the scaffold in which recombination takes place

• they form between two structures that undergo genetic recombination
• made of specialized proteins, no RNA involved

Question 2

Meischer

Answer 2

swiss physician who first isolated nucleic acids

Question 3

Roux

Answer 3

discovered the material in the nucleus is the genetic material

Question 4

Hershey-Chase

Answer 4

proved nucleic acid was genetic material and not proteins

Question 5

sex chromosomes

Answer 5

not homologous

Y chromosome - short (78 genes)
X chromosome - long (1500 genes)

Question 6

hemophilia

Answer 6

x-linked recessive trait

Question 7

chromosome

Answer 7

two chromatids attached by a centromere

we count chromosomes by the number of centromeres

Question 8

prophase I

Answer 8

formation of a tetrad in a process called synapsis

Question 9

recombination frequency

Answer 9

the smaller the number, the more closely they are located to each other

Question 10

crossing over

Answer 10

when two chromatids physically cross over and exchange places. we end up with four different gametes with two recombinant gametes

Question 11

three-strand crossover*

Answer 11

three strands involved, crossing over occurs twice

Question 12

pseudoautosomal regions

Answer 12

crossing over occurs here in X and Y chromosomes, but male- and female-specific regions don’t cross over

Question 13

genetic recombination*

Answer 13

the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found from either parents

Question 14

homologous chromosomes

Answer 14

obtain one from each parent

Question 15

sister chromatids

Answer 15

two copies of the same homologous chromosome

Question 16

the likelihood of recombination increases/decreases with gene distance on the same chromatid

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

maternal inheritance

Answer 17

the egg cell has mitochondria in it which contains maternal DNA not influenced by sperm