Carbohydrates Flashcards
mannose and galactose
epimers of glucose (same molecular formula)
sucrose
table sugar
a disaccharide of fructose and glucose, connected by a glycosidic bond
“SU - SU kim is Gluten Free”
fructose
a five-ring sugar
epimer
stereoisomers that differ at one stereoisomer
enantiomer
mirror images of each other
anomer*
epimers that are in cyclic state
lactose
a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose
“GG (end of starcraft game, drinks milk)”
glucose
has an aldehyde (CH=O) at the 1 carbon, six carbons total (5 hydroxyl groups)
fructose
ketonic
in straight-chain it has six carbons
“fruktose (k for ketone)”
maltose
two glucose molecules bound by a 1,4 glycosidic linkage
“Malt shake composed of two glucose; Malt-two-glu”
pyranose
a collective name for six ring monosaccharide with five carbons and one oxygen
pyra-6
furanose
five-ringed sugar with one oxygen (fructose)
“fructo-fura-five”
the three main dissacharides
- Sucrose (Glucose, Fructose) - non-reducing
- Maltose (Glucose, Glucose) - reducing
- Lactose (Glucose, Galactose) - reducing
What does reducing sugar mean?
cellulose
repeating D-glucose units joined by ß-1,4 glycosidic bonds
starch
polysaccharide made of glucose units bonded by alpha-1,4 linkages, which can be broken down by human enzymes
