Chromatin Remodellers Flashcards
Describe chromatin regulation
-The dynamic modulation of the chromatin state throughout development regulates growth, differentiation and cell fate decisions providing the cell type specificity and diversity found within the brain.
-This is accompanied by a transition from the open and accessible chromatin structure of progenitor cells to a more restricted and cell type-specific pattern of gene expression
-This regulation is mediated by mechanisms such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, histone variant incorporation and non-coding RNA mediated pathways and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling
-Modifications are regulated by a large repertoire of enzymes, called epigenetic regulators that incorporate, remove or recognize and interact with specific chromatin modifications to regulate all nuclear processes.
What is a nucleosome made up of
Comprises of an octave r of histone proteins including histones H2A H2B H3 and H4. They are wrapped by 147 by of DNA.
How do transcription factors and epigenetic regulators directly bind to specific DNA sequences
TFs directly bind to specific DNA sequences to control gene expression
Epigenetic regulators introduce changes to the chromatin that alter the genome environment.
What are the three main categories of epigenetic regulators
Divided by enzymatic activities: post translational modification of histones, DNA methylation and nucleosome remodelling. In the first two, there is covalent attachment of molecules to proteins or DNA wheat as the latter involves an ATP=dependent movement or alteration in histone composition of nucleosomes
