Chpt.36 Sect.2 Flashcards
Before 1870
Europe few holdings in Africa
Mostly seaports + trading stations along coast
Exceptions: British Cape Colony + Algeria
Why Europeans stayed along coast at first
Safer from tropical diseases + other dangers
Little known about interior
1840/David Livingstone
Scottish medical missionary
Converted ppl to Christianity in Africa
Worked to end Arab trade if enslaved Africans
Explored interior
Wrote about journeys in letters broadcasted in GB and US
Stooped suddenly
Henry Stanley
Sent to investigate by NY newspaper
2 yrs later found in Arab village on shores of Lake Tanganyika
Became explorer
1874-1889/Stanley
Explored Congo
Wrote about it
1879/King Leopoldo II of Belgium/Stanley
Hired to obtain land
Signed many treaties w/ chiefs
Worked cause could not understand English
Leopold
Greedy Violent Ppl shot if resisting Missionaries and Europeans protested so turned Congo over to gov Gov abolished forced labour
1869/Suez Canal
Northern Africa Built by Egyptians Payed for w/ French funds Connected Mediterranean to Red seas Shorter all-water route to India and Far East
1875/Suez Canal
Egyptian ruler sold shares to GB
GB and France took over Egypt’s finances
Egyptians angry
18882/Egyptians/British
Egyptians rebelled
British troops moved in
Egypt become British protectorate
Country under control and protection of large, stronger nation
Protectorate
Dutch farmers in South Africa
Boers
Boers/1836/Cape Colony
Disliked British rule
Didn’t want to speak English
Mad about abolishment of enslavement
Transvaal + Orange Free State
Independent states set up by Boers in grasslands of interior
Late 1800s/Boer states
Gold and diamonds discovered
Ppl came until Boers eventually outnumbered
Didn’t allow newcomers (British) to vote even though latent heavy taxes
Cecil Rhodes
Prime minister of Cape colony
Dreamed of English-speaking empire from Cape to Cairo
Built railway connecting land south and west of Boer states
British settlers moved to Rhodesia
Capital of Egypt
Cairo
White majority dominated gov in South Africa
Afrikaners
South Africa/Afrikaners
Labour of blacks made area rich
Afrikaners dominated
1994 South Sfrica held first all-race election
Nelson Mandela made president
Boer War cause
Hate for British
German Jealousy
German provision of best artillery to Boers
Boer War
Boers winning at first
British captured Boer capital
Refused to surrender but after 2 yrs of guerrilla warfare
What were British doing to Boers
Destroyed farms
Women, children imprisoned
1910/Boers/British
Transvaal and Orange Free State joined w/ Cape colony + other British colony to form Union of South Africa
British gained what form 1910
Egypt
Sudan
Rhodesia
Union of South Africa
1890-1914
Zanzibar Uganda British East Africa Nigeria All under Brit control
Founded in 1649 by Portuguese and oldest colony in Africa
Angola
1885/Portugal
Portuguese East Africa/Mozambique made protectorate
Established largest European empire in Africa
French
French lands included
Tunisia Morocco French Wets Africa French Equatorial Africa Madagascar
Eritrea (East coast) and part of Somaliland
Italians
1896/Italy/Ethiopia
Defeated by troops of King Menelik II
1911/Italians
Acquired 2 Turkish provinces
Combined them and renamed into Libya
Protectorates in Togoland and Cameroon’s by what country/1884
Later added … Southwest Africa and … Eats Africa
Germany
1914/ only independent areas
Ethiopia
Liberia
